سر آرتھر کونل ڈائل کی وفات
دو ماہ کی علالت کے بعد سر آرتھر کونل ڈائل نے ۷؍ جولائی ۱۹۳۰ء کو قلب کی بیماری میں انتقال کیا، شرلاک ہومس کے افسانوں کی وجہ سے ان کو جو عالمگیر شہرت حاصل ہوئی وہ محتاج بیان نہیں، آخری عمر میں انھیں روحوں کے ساتھ غایت درجہ کا اعتقاد ہوگیا تھا، وہ اسے ایک قسم کا مذہب خیال کرتے تھے، جس کی اہمیت ان کے نزدیک لٹریچر، فنون، لطفیہ، سیاسیات بلکہ دنیا کی ہر چیز سے زیادہ تھی اور انھیں اس بات سے تکلیف ہوتی تھی کہ لوگ ان کو شرلاک ہومس کے مصنف کے نام سے یاد کرتے ہیں۔ سر آرتھر کو بچپن ہی سے تصنیف کا شوق تھا، پہلی کتاب انھوں نے چھ سال کی عمر میں لکھی اور مدرسہ کے ابتدائی ساتھیوں میں بحیثیت افسانہ گو کے شہرت حاصل کی، بعد میں انھوں نے طب پڑھی اور کئی سال تک مطب کرتے رہے، مصنفوں کے زمرہ میں ان کا شمار اس وقت ہوا جب ۱۸۸۸ء میں انھوں نے ’’مائکا کلارک‘‘ لکھی، گزشتہ جنگ عظیم میں ان کا بڑا لڑکا مارا گیا اور اسی حادثے نے آخر عمر میں انھیں عالم ارواح کا دلدادہ بنادیا۔ (’’م ۔ ع‘‘، اکتوبر ۱۹۳۰ء)
With the decline of strong Muslim Khilafate various sectarian based movements proved a serious danger for the Muslim world. Qramtah movement was most famous among them. During the latter period of Abbassid Khila-fate, Qaramtah appeared very strongly. They had a strong hold in different part of Islamic state. Bahrin was their strong head quarter and then they spread all around in state especially in rural areas. They defeated a large and powerful army of Khalifa with a small army severl time. Qramtah killed a millions of innocent Muslims. They captured Makkah and disgrced “Bait Ullah” and banned Hajj for almost 20 years. They propagated their philosophy and beliefs in all over the Muslim world by force. Qramtah also established a strong government in Multan after the departure of Muhammad bin Qasim. Jalam bin Shaban was a famous Qramtian ruler of Multan In 1004 A.D. When Mehmood Ghaznavi came in Multan at that time Abul Fatih Dawud Qramti was the ruler of Multan Mehmood arrested him and destroyed the power of Qramtah in Multan. Qramtah continued serious unrest in Islamic world for four centuries. This movement effected badly the Muslim world and they have become politically weak against their political rival Christianity.
Development of Urdu Language and Literary Prose in NWFP from 1850 to the creation of Pakistan The aim of this thesis is to give a critical appraisal of the development of Urdu language and literary prose from 1850 to the creation of Pakistan. In order to review and make their war strategy, the invaders of India, coming via the Khyber valley, made a permanent abode in the then Frontier province, now known as Khyber Pakhtunkhwah today. Thus the language of these foreign invaders greatly influenced the indigenous language which resulted in the origination of a new language Urdu. This language made progress by heaps and bounds. The objective of this thesis is to bring to light the pros and cons of the same progress which the language made during its initial stages. There was a huge stock of literature till the creation of Pakistan. A lot of valuable work had been done in all the genres of literature. Although in his book Adbiat-e-Sarhad, Farigh Bukhari has mentioned some prose books in the province till the creation of Pakistan. But its research based and critical review is yet to be presented. Therefore, to present a critical and in-depth analysis of the fiction, humor, satire. Biographies and criticism is also the objective of this thesis. In addition to this, the titles, techniques, art and style of the above mentioned types of prose will also be brought to light. Every literature reflects the political, social and cultural aspects of its age. It also shows the beliefs, customs and thoughts of the people. In this scenario, the objective of the thesis is also to know about the political, social and cultural values of the time.