تفسیر تدبر قرآن میں امین احسن اصلاحی نے بہت سے مقامات پر آیاتِ استفہام کی وضاحت کی ہے اور ان میں اللہ تعالیٰ کے سوال کرنے کے اغراض و مقاصد پر بھی روشنی ڈالی ہے۔اس فصل میں تفسیر تدبر قرآن کی روشنی میں آیاتِ استفہام کی تفسیر و تشریح بیان کی جا رہی ہے آیاتِ استفہام کی اقسام بھی بیان کی گئیں ہیں اور ہر قسم کے حوالے سے ماتحت آیات کی تفسیر کی جا رہی ہے۔
اللہ ہی ساری کائنات کا نظام چلانے والا ہے کوئی اس کا شریک نہیں عبادت اور رازونیاز کا صرف وہی مستحق ہے اللہ تعالیٰ نے قرآن مجید میں اپنی صفات جگہ جگہ بےنظیر طریقے سے بیان کی ہیں جن سے ذات الٰہی کا نہایت واضح تصور حاصل ہوتا ہے۔
دل کے لئے سلامتی اور کوئی صلاح وبھلائی اللہ وحدہ لاشریك له کی توحید کے بغیر ممکن نہیں۔ جس قدر انسان کے پاس توحید کی صداقت اور سلامتی اعتقاد میں پائی جائے گی اسی قدر اس کے لئے سلامتی صدر اور اصلاح قلب پائی جائے گی چنانچہ دل کی تخلیق کا مقصد یہی ہے کہ اپنے پیدا کرنے والے کو پہچانا جائے اور اس کی شایان شان اس سے محبت کی جائے اور اس کی وحدانیت کا اقرارویقین کیا جائے اور اس بات کو بھی عملی تطبیق دے کہ اللہ ہی دنیا کی ہر شے سے بڑھ کر اس کو محبوب ہےاور دنیا کی ہر چیز سے بڑھ کر وہی ہستی نہایت عظیم ہے، تو دل کی بھلائی بس اسی چیز کے حصول میں ہے۔
اللہ تعالیٰ قرآن میں ارشاد فرماتے ہیں:
"وَہُوَاللہُ لَآ اِلٰہَ اِلَّا ہُوَ لَہُ الْحَمْدُ فِي الْاُوْلٰى وَالْاٰخِرَۃِ وَلَہُ الْحُكْمُ وَاِلَيْہِ تُرْجَعُوْنَ"۔[[1]]
" اور وہی اللہ ہے...
Hoarding is considered (Ihtikar) very abhorring and objectionable. It is the practice of keeping something in store and not bringing the same to the market so that prices may rise owing to this artificial dearth of supply in the market. Each religion of the world has agriculture rules. In these, rules about Hoarding play an important role. In non Semitic religions Hinduism is the largest religion of the world. Similarly in Semitic religions Islam is the second and Judaism is considered in third stage. All these three religions and there followers have good relation with agriculture. But among this, Islamic rules considers one of the best rules in the world. Because Hinduism agriculture rules affected by cast system and the other side Judaism rules is affected by customs and traditions. But still there are some points on which Hinduism, Judaism and Islam are completely supporting each others. Hoarding rules is one of them. This paper is consisting on hoarding rules in Hinduism, Judaism and Islam.
Education is conceived as the powerful instrument for bringing about desired changes in social and cultural life of the nation and the teacher being the key actor in educational process is considered as the change agent. The rapidly changing world is calling new ways of addressing school changes; Pakistan has also brought a lot of changes and reforms to address the educational problems and to keep pace with the fast changes in the field of science and technology. The purpose of this study was to analyze the attitude of the teachers towards reforms at school level in Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, seventy two schools having equal number in gender and demographic level of urban and rural, comprising all categories of primary, elementary and secondary were selected through area cluster sampling technique. Survey method technique was applied and a questionnaire based on five-point Likert scale comprising sixty three items divided into five dimensions was developed.The tool was an adaptation of ASTTP (Hussain, 2004). The tool was got validated by experts‟ opinion and through calculating the Factor Loading and also by determining the Cronbatch Alpha. To analyze the data, arithmetic mean, percentage, standard deviation and t- test were calculated by using the computer programs; Ms-Excel and SPSS. It was concluded by the study that respondents showed much positive response towards the questions of administrative reforms, medium of instruction reforms and Chief Minister Roadmap reforms dimensions while, towards examination reforms and computer education reforms dimensions, respondents also showed positive attitude but with lower statistics. Qualifications wise analysis showed that as the degree of qualification of the teachers rises, the level of positivity of attitude is also rises against all dimensions and from this positive impact of reforms is also inferred. The comparison between urban and rural teachers showed that there is significant difference between the attitude of the respondents of the rural and urban areas and the respondents of the rural areas showed much better positive attitude against all dimensions of reforms. The gender wise comparison of the respondents reflected that female teachers had more significantly positive attitude towards all dimensions of reforms as compared to male teachers. Comparison between the teachers of all sections of the selected schools clearly indicated that attitude towards first three dimensions; Administrative reforms, Medium of Instruction reforms and Chief Minister Roadmap reform was much positive as compared to others two dimensions of examination reforms and computer education reforms. Through this study, it was recommended that in policy making or formulating any reform initiative, positive involvement of teachers‟ opinion must be ensured next time. Course outlines and methods of teaching of the teacher training institutions are revised according to trends of the modern era of globalized world. Indicators for the Chief Ministers‟ roadmap must be revised and fixed on the ground realities and on the disparity between rural and urban areas.