عبدالحمید سعید
افسوس ہے کہ مصر کی ایک بہت بڑی ہستی سے دنیا خالی ہوگئی، عبدالحمید سعیدبے مصر کے ان جواں مردوں میں تھے جو مصر چھوڑ کر یورپ میں رہ پڑے تھے اور یہ عہد کرلیا تھا کہ جب تک مصر آزاد نہ ہولے گا وہ مصر کی زمین میں قدم نہیں رکھیں گے، مصر اور انگلستان کے گزشتہ معاہدہ کے بعد وہ مصر واپس آئے تھے، میری ان کی ملاقات ۱۹۲۰ء میں وفد خلافت کے دوسرے ارکان کے ساتھ اٹلی کے پایۂ تخت رومہ میں ہوئی تھی، وہ اپنے قدوقامت اور ڈیل ڈول کے لحاظ سے شوکت علی مرحوم سے ملتے جلتے تھے اور انہی کی طرح قومی و مذہبی جوش و خروش سے بھرے ہوئے تھے ایک بہت موٹا ڈنڈا جس کے موٹھ میں اہرام مصری کی شکل بنی ہوئی تھی، اپنے ہاتھ میں رکھتے تھے، انہوں نے اس وقت تک شادی نہیں کی تھی، کہتے تھے کہ غلاموں کی تعداد بڑھانے سے فائدہ کیا۔
وہ پہلے بالکل وطن پرور یا نیشنلسٹ تھے، مگر مصر آنے کے بعد ان کے حالات میں ایک نیا تغیر ہوا، انہوں نے عالمگیر اسلامی برادری (پین اسلامزم) کی تحریک مصر کے نوجوانوں میں شروع کی، انجمن شبان المسلمین کی بنیاد ڈالی، اس کی شاخیں مصر کے اطراف میں پھیلائیں اور اس کی کوشش کی کہ دنیائے اسلام کے دوسرے حصوں میں اس کی شاخیں قائم ہوں چنانچہ بمبئی میں اس کی ایک شاخ قائم ہے۔ چند سال ہوئے کہ انہوں نے اپنی محبت سے مصر کی شبان المسلمین کا ممبر خاکسار کو بھی بنایا جامع ازہر کی طرف سے جو وفد ہندوستان آیا تھا اس کے ایک رکن انجمن شبان المسلمین کے بھی نمائندہ تھے اور مقصد یہ تھا کہ مصر و ہندوستان کی اسلامی برادریوں میں تعلقات مضبوط کئے جائیں۔
ان کی اس تحریک...
Literally Bai't means solemn assurance to do something and absolute submission to one's commands. All the believers have declared to follow the commands of Allah Al-Mighty and act upon the guideline of His Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). In the early days of Islam, every person intending to embrace Islam use to take an oath of obedience and loyalty to the orders given by the Prophet (P.B.U.H). The person gave his hand in the hands of the Prophet (P.B.U.H). Afterwards, this sort of oath was introduced in many kinds; one of them is "Bai't Islah or Bai't Al Tuba". The Bai't is in accordance with the spirit of Islamic teachings. The scholars of Islam in majority have accepted its authenticity as discussed in the article under reference.
Bauhinia variegata (B. variegata) and Zea mays (Z. mays) are rich in antioxidants that have been widely used in the cosmetic industry. These are rich in antioxidants that have been frequently used ingredients in various cosmetics products. These antioxidants are responsible for skin health and protect it against the internal and environmental hazards especially damages caused by UV irradiation by combating the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidants have been widely used in the treatment of various skin condition including skin darkening, dry skin, aging. The prime objective of this study was to design delivery system as water in oil emulsion (W/O) or oil in water (O/W) emulsion loaded with antioxidant extracts, evaluate their physical stability and study the formulation for their possible effects on the skin. The B. variegata leaves and Z. mays hairs were extracted with various solvents. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by the DPPH (2, 2 diphhenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) method. The ethanolic extract of B. variegata leaves (BV extract) and Z. mays hairs (ZM extract) with higher antioxidant activities 86.46±1.13 and 81.5±0.93 respectively were selected for the preparation of formulations. Various water in oil (W/O) emulsions were prepared containing 4% BV extract or 2% ZM extract. Similarly a range of formulations were designed with varying composition loaded with 4% BV extract or 2% ZM extract. The optimized formulations F1 (2% BV extract W/O emulsion), F2 (4% ZM extract W/O emulsion), F3 (2% BV extract O/W emulsion) and F4 (4% ZM extract O/W emulsion) were obtained by keeping at a temperature of 40 °C for 28 days and later on at 50 °C. The selected formulation were characterized and evaluated for physical stability by keeping at 8 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C and 40 °/75% RH. The physical stability was determined by monitoring the organoleptic properties (colour change, phase separation and liquifaction), sedimentation on centrifugation, rheological properties and microscopic behavior at various time intervals. The formulations were also evaluated for their in vivo effects on the skin by evaluating the skin parameters including erythema, melanin contents, moisture level, sebum content and skin elasticity by the continuous application of formulation and corresponding base on the right and left side of the face of male volunteers. The study was single blinded, controlled, split face with four groups for each formulation, having 13 volunteers each. The data was analyzed by using ANOVA test and paired sample t-test. All the formulations F1-F4 demonstrated stable physical characteristics when kept at various storage conditions during the study. Temperature dependent changes in some physical parameters were observed only in the later stage of study depending on the nature of formulation. The results of in-vivo evaluation indicate that formulations loaded with antioxidant extracts produced significant changes in the skin parameters. The erythema, melanin, sebum content of the skin showed significant decrease while a significant increase was observed in the moisture content by the application of F1, F2, F3 and F4 during the 90 days study. The formulations have also shown positive response in the relative skin elasticity parameter (R2, R5, R6 and R7). A gradual improvement was observed in the R2, R5 and R7 and R7decreased as a result of application of antioxidant emulsions. Our results indicate that the antioxidant rich extract derived from B. variegata or Z mays can be incorporated into biphasic systems as stable formulation and the topical application of these formulations can produce beneficial effects in the various skin parameters. Thus emulsified systems loaded with BV extract and ZM extract may have potential role as cosmetic or pharmaceutical product in treatment of skin aging and various skin diseases.