لازم کب تھا کرتے روز بیاں ہم سے
کہہ دیتے اک بار ہے الفت ہاں ہم سے
یوں تو وقت کے پانی سے سب دھو ڈالے
دیکھ! مٹا نہ غم کا ایک نشاں ہم سے
چشمِ تر کی اندر ہے ترسیل کہیں
یوں اٹھتا ہے جلتے وقت دھواں ہم سے
پڑھ سکتے ہو گر تو پڑھ لو چہرے کو
یار نہیں ہوتا ہے عشق بیاں ہم سے
ویرانی کا موسم اترا ہے دل پر
خوش کتنی ہے اب کی بار خزاں ہم سے
This article deals with “Synonymy” in Arabic. Generally “Synonymy” is a radical source which keeps language more advanced and developed. The “Synonymy” has gained attention of early Arabic linguists’ and scholars while compiling the sacred language data, for instance two major linguists Abū al-Mālik ibn Qutaybah al-Asma’i and Ibn Khalawayh focused on synonymity of words, eventually they considered memorisation of synonym words as a mark of pride. On the other hand, some other linguists like Abu al-‘Abbās Aḥmed ibn Yaḥy al-Thalb and Abū ‘Alī al-Fārisī have denied the existence of synonymity in Arabic language altogethers. After all, the “Synonymity” of words is considered as a linguistic phenomenon in all languages generally and in Arabic language particularly. A renowned great scholar ‘Abdul Raḥmān al-Kilānī paid countless attention to this linguistic phenomenon and wrote the book the of one is which“مترادف القرآن مع الفروق اللغوية”: entitled comprehensive reference books in the field. He studied Quranic synonyms with their meanings systematically. The article addresses the concept of synonymity with a brief historiography as well as what ‘Abdul Raḥmān al-Kilānī's book brought us in this field.
Heavy metalsviz Pb (Lead), Fe (Iron), Cr (Chromium), Cd (Cadmium), Cu (Copper) and Ni (Nickel) were analysed in the three highly consumed fish S. sarwari, L. calbasu, C. carpio at T.S link canal (comes from Trimmu Head works to Sidhnai Head works, feed by River Chanab) . The water of the River Chanab is polluted due to industrial revolution around it which affects aquatic life. Due to the release of unprocessed waste water into the Chanab River by the districts and industries settled along the River Chanab consequent the pollution in rivers water and also affect its aquatic life. The results revealed that the temperature was 17.31?0.26 in winter and 23.26?0.71 in summer season. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) was 3.14?0.41 in winter and 4.82?0.65 in summer. The pH value in winter was 6.42?0.04 and 7.81?0.02 in summer Carbon Dioxide (CO2) level was low in winter and high in summer.BOD and DO are contrary to each other.Further, heavy metals concentration in water were in order of Fe>Cr>Pb>Cd>Ni>Cu and Fe>Cr>Pb>Cd>Ni>Cu in bank and main stream water in winter and summer seasons respectively. Heavy metals trend in sediments was Fe>Pb>Cr>Cd>Ni>Cu and Fe>Pb>Cr>Cd>Ni>Cu in bank and main stream in winter and summer season respectively. The accumulation trend of heavy metals in fish?s organs was (S. sarwari ) Gills> Liver> Kidneys> Muscles and fish L.calbasu has accumulation trend Liver> Gills> Kidneys> Muscles, whilethe fish C.carpio accumulation trend was Liver> Gills> Kidneys> Muscles during summer season. The accumulation trend in fish organs is slightly different in both seasons.