فقیر بستی میں تھا
ناطق نے ایم فل اردو منہاج یونیورسٹی لاہور سے کیا اور ان کا مقالہ محمد حسین آزاد پر تھا۔ اسی مقالہ کو انہوں نے دوبارہ تھوڑا تبدیل کرکے ایک نئے نام سے شائع کروایا یعنی فقیر بستی میں تھا یہ ایک سوانحی ناول ہے جسے انہوں نے اپنی تخلیقی مہارت کے ذریعے ایک نیا روپ دیا۔ ’’فقیر بستی میں تھا‘‘عکس پبلی کیشنز لاہور نے 2019ء میں چھاپا۔ناطق نے نہایت خوبصورتی سے اس کتاب کو 45 حصوں میں تقسیم کیا ہے اور اپنے ہر ایک عنوان میں آزادزندگی کا پہلو بیان کیا گیا ہے۔کتاب کا انتساب آغا سلمان باقر کے نام لکھاہے۔کتاب نہایت مہارت سے لکھی گئی ہے پڑھتے ہوئے محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ لکھنے کیلئے کہاں کہاں کی خاک چھانی گئی ہوگی۔انہوں نے آزاد کی شخصیت کے تمام پہلوؤں پر روشنی ڈالی ہے ۔ایسا محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ ناطق کی طرح قاری بھی کتاب پڑھ کر آزاد کا عاشق بن جائے گا۔اس ضمن میں شہناز نقوی لکھتی ہیں :
’’مجھے یوں محسوس ہوا جیسے میں کوئی seasonsدیکھ رہی ہوں ، عمدہ طرز بیان کو پڑھنے والا بھی مولانا آزاد کے ساتھ ساتھ خود کو محسوس کرنے لگتا ہے۔کتاب کا اسلوب اتنا پرکشش ہے کہ قاری کو کہیں بھی بوجھل پن محسوس نہیں ہوتا ورنہ تحقیقی کتب پڑھناذرا مشکل مرحلہ ہوتا ہے۔‘‘(15)
انہوں نے آزادکی زندگی کو اس طرح لکھا کہ قاری بھی آزاد کا دیوانہ ہوجائے ناطق نے خود بھی آزاد کی کتاب جب آب حیات پڑھی تھی تو بار بار اس کتاب کو تقریباً چالیس مرتبہ پڑھا،اسی لیے ایم فل اردو میں اس عنوان پہ مقالہ تحریر کرنے کا فیصلہ کیا۔
The word Jihād has been awfully misinterpreted in the post 9/11 literature. Quite a few critics of Islam have deliberately used Jihād as synonymous with terrorism. Robert Spencer, a prominent critic of Islamic Jihād, also maintains that Islam teaches violence, intolerance and extremism. The following research article is a critique of Spencer’s views on Islamic concept of jihad. It aims to prove that Islam is a tolerant creed and has nothing to do with violence and terrorism. The Holy Qur’an substantiates this claim and shows that the persecuted Muslim community was allowed to take up arms against the terrorists who not only tormented the innocent people but also expelled them from their native homes.
Freshwater Turtles are the most dynamic group of ‘wetlands’ associated fauna. They form major biodiversity component of aquatic ecosystems, and serve as keystone species benefiting other animals and plants. Pakistan harbors eight freshwater turtle-s species which are facing threat of illegal hunting for their meat and shell. The current study investigated some important ecological parameters including distribution, population, and food habits of freshwater turtle species inhabiting two districts (Rawalpindi and Chakwal) of the Pothwar Plateau. Based on initial field surveys, sixteen water bodies were selected in the study area for data collection. Distribution of freshwater turtle species was determined by employing “Visual observation” method using binocular, to record the turtle species. Populations of different turtle species were estimated by using two different methods direct count method and Capture Mark and Recapture (CMR, while their diet composition was investigated by using stomach contents flushing method. Results showed four freshwater turtle species (Lissemys punctata, Nilssonia gangetica, Pangshura smithii, and Pangshura tecta) distributed in various selected water bodies of district Rawalpindi and two species (Lissemys punctata and Panshura smithii) in district Chakwal. The Lissemys punctata was the most abundant while Panshura smithii was found the least abundant species. A total of N = 3004 and N =1681 individual turtles were recorded (by direct count method, and CMR,respectively), belonging to four species from the study area. Average population densityof Lissemys punctata was 86.9/Km², Nilssonia gangetica 36.6/Km², Pangshura smithii 45.5/ Km² and Pangshura tecta 11.2/ Km² by direct count method. However, the CMR method used estimated average density of Lissemys punctata as 104.6/ Km², Nilssonia gangetica 47.9/ Km², Pangshura smithii 76.2/ Km² and Pangshura tecta 21.5/ Km². In summer/spring season during the study period, turtles populations were high, however, during winter/fall season, turtles populations were found low. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between body weights (kg); carapace length and width; plastron length and width, and shell height of of freshwater turtle species and also between the genders of the four species. The turtles were found omnivorous in their feeding behavior; mean percent volume (% V) of prey items recovered from stomach contents included contributions from insects 26.3 %, earthworms 19.9 %, snails 16.1%, plants 10.2 %, and algae 11.4 %, besides soil particles 7.5 % and some unidentified material. There was significant differences (p < 0.05) in food consumption during winter, summer and rainy seasons. The consumption of prey items during three seasons was significantly (p< 0.05) different in P. tecta while in rest of three species viz. L. punctata, N. gangetica and P. smithiiit, it differed non-significant ly (p > 0.05). The current study highlights that four species of freshwater turtles occur in district Rawalpindi and two in district Chakwal of the Pothwar Plateau; Lissemys punctata is most abundant while Pangshura tecta is least common. All four turtlr species are omnivorous in their food habits and their most preferred prey item is insects.