تم بن رہ سکتا ہوں
میرا دکھ تو میرا دکھ ہے
تیرا دکھ بھی میرا دکھ ہے
دونا دکھ بھی سہہ سکتا ہوں
کب میں تم بن رہ سکتا ہوں
بات مری تم مان بھی جائو
دل کی باتیں جان بھی جائو
تم کو کب کچھ کہہ سکتا ہوں
تم بِن اَب میں رہ سکتا ہوں
The concept of coherence is not only a semantics one that exists within the meaning of text; it refers to grammatical continuity of a text that accurs within surface and deep structure of the discourse، and that define it as a text/discourse. That is why the study of coherence is important in textual linguistics، especially in the Text of Holy Qur’ān. Therefore the ancient researchers have chosen it in different ways in the Qur’ānic textual analysis. The ancient Arab started the study of Coherence to prove the Qur’ānic text as “Moʻjiza” and “iʻjāz” because of its organization and arrangement of text according the “Naẓm” “Insijām” “Ittisāq” “Iltiḥām” and many others. The English term that substitutes these terms is just Cohesion and Coherence. So we can say that the Arab were doing well about the discourse/textual analysis of the texts, especially the Qur’ānic textual coherence was their main goal. The Article aims to explore the main roots، elements and aspects of textual coherence in Arabic language. This work differ from previous works in many aspects as it focuses on the concept of coherence and its various aspects particularly in terms of the coherence in Arabic Language in the light of Qur’ānic text.
To investigate the effect of foliar application of Ca2+, K+ and H2O2 and subsequent water application on maize seedlings CV Azam, a pot experiment was arranged in completely randomized design at the Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture Peshawar from 2012 to 2014. Drought stress was enforced by withholding water from half of the pots for 20 days after foliar supplementation of 5, 10, 15mM CaCl2, 25, 50 and 75mM KNO3, 1, 3 and 6mM H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) and distilled water. The results of this experiment revealed that foliar application of Ca2+, K+ and low concentration of H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) decreased the excised leaf water loss (ELWL), signifying better water relations and osmotic adjustment. Moreover, water deficit decreased fresh and dry biomass, shoot-root ratio, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, membrane stability, ascorbate content, catalase (Cat) activity, and protein content. Similarly, there was an increase in the H2O2 content, MDA (malondialdehyde) content, cell death, anthocyanin content, proline content, sugar content, thiol content, glutathione content and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. Foliar application of 10mM CaCl2 and 75mM KNO3 improved all these traits under drought stress. Senescence during drought was also delayed in the supplemented seedlings as highlighted by a high RWC, leaf area, chlorophyll content and high antioxidant enzymes activity. The Ca2+ and K+ concentration resulted in a decrease in H2O2 content, MDA content, percentage electrolyte leakage. The Ca2+, K+ and H2O2 induced calcium dependent protein kinase (ZmCDPK1, 2, 3, 11), ZmCat3 and ZmCSD1 expression under irrigated and drought stress conditions. The improved water relations and maintenance of growth in the supplemented seedlings established the potential of CaCl2 and KNO3 to improve crop performance under restricted water regimes without diminution of yield and ensure food production from arid and semi-arid lands. Transcripts abundance offers a base for further crop improvement and enhanced understanding of signal transduction in plants.