Multi-Agent robotics is the concept of multiple robots coordinating to complete one or more tasks. Such robotic systems are normally used when a single robot is not capable of accomplishing a task or group of tasks. Such systems have a lot of application in Field Robotics, both for civilian (agriculture, firefighting, etc.) and military (surveillance, reconnaissance, etc.) applications. We seek to cater to the problem of the availability of multi-agent robotic systems by introducing a multi-agent robotics’ platform for learning and research purposes. The aim is towards designing a platform that stands shoulder to shoulder with the existing multi-agent robotics’ systems, at a much lower cost with minimum reduction in capabilities. The primary focus in designing this platform is towards user-friendliness and scalabilty of the platform. Therefore, a high level of abstraction to the underlying hardware is maintained along with a modular design to ensure ease of usage and scalabilty. One key feature of the platform is that it is based on an open source meta-operating system, ROS, which promotes it as anyone can learn and operate the system without having to pay for learning the system’s software dynamics. The technical topology of the project comprises of multiple robots along with a monitoring server, all of communicate through a decentralized communication protocol. The reason for using the decentralized approach is to ensure that the platform is not completely dependent on the server, making sure that the system does not shut down completely in case there is a fault in the monitoring server. The robots in this platform have limited computation capacity and perform only simple tasks like data acquisition, communication and hardware actuation on board. All computationally intensive tasks like SLAM, Navigation and Path Planning are managed on the monitoring server. The currently implemented prototype is able to perform SLAM and Navigation on multiple robots, along with running autonomous exploration and multi-robot map merging algorithms on the platform. The project can be taken forward by constructing several more nodes for the system. These nodes should be able to execute standard multi-robot algorithms. In addition to this, implementation of a variety of multi-robot algorithms like exploration, convergence, etc. and bench-marking their performance against existing platforms can also be done
پولیس حدود وقصاص کے مقدمات رپورٹ کرتی ہے ، پھر اس کو عدلیہ کے سامنے لاتی ہے ۔ حدودو قصاص کے معاملات میں گواہوں کا نہ ملنا ، موقع سے ثبوت کا مٹ جانا ، تفتیشی آفیسرز کا مجرموں کے ساتھ ساز باز کرکے مقدمے کو بگاڑ نا یہ سب شعوری طور پر بھی ہوتا ہے اور کبھی لا شعوری طور پر بھی ۔ پولیس کا متضرر کے ساتھ عدم تعاون اور کارکردگی میں سستی قوانین حدودوقصاص میں رکاوٹ کا باعث ہے ، جس کی وجہ سے مجرموں کو سزا ملنا مشکل ہو جاتا ہے۔
"The Cosmic Palette: Exploring Colors in Art and Culture" delves into the profound role of colors in shaping the world of art and culture. This article takes readers on a vibrant journey through history, examining the significance of colors in different societies, their psychological impact, and the ways in which artists have harnessed them to convey emotions, ideas, and cultural narratives. From the symbolism of red to the serenity of blue, this exploration sheds light on the universal language of color that transcends boundaries and connects humanity in a kaleidoscope of experiences.
Assessment for learning has been given prime importance in K-12 education across the countries. This study aimed to explore the assessment practices and perceptions of two grade IX Chemistry teachers in a Government secondary school Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The study adopted qualitative case study design, where data were generated through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. The findings of this study highlight that the teachers perceive that effectiveness of assessment is determined by its potential to promote further learning. Such assessment practices not only improve student’ learning but also provide opportunities to teachers for reflection and improvement of their instruction. The participant teachers have knowledge about number of formative assessment techniques to gauge students’ learning during the class. Among them, questioning and feedback were the two key elements of participant teachers’ assessment practices. Teachers argued that extensive reason based questioning for assessment purposes provided a venue to students to share their science conceptions in class and get feedback on them by fellow students and teachers to check whether their own conceptions are in line with established scientific ideas. The study also identified that the teachers were very concerned about monitoring students’ learning. However, teachers’ assessment practices are much influenced by the local board examinations which are mainly based on regurgitation and time bound paper-pencil tests. Because of expectations from parents and school management, teachers were obliged to train students to get high marks in the board examination. Therefore, it is recommended that the teachers’ assessment during the course of study should be given some weightage in the cumulative board examination results. Teachers should also be given professional development extensive repertoire of assessment techniques including use of ICT. There should be consultative dialogue with parents to make them understand the importance of students’ creative work which may not reflect through their marks and grades.