میلا رام وفاؔ
میلا رام وفاؔ (۱۸۹۵۔۱۹۸۰ئ) ظفر وال کے گائوں دیپو کے میں پیدا ہوئے۔ طالب علمی کے زمانے میں ہی شاعری کا شوق تھا۔ ان دنوں ظفر وال میں قریشی ثناء اﷲ اور شیر محمد شیر کے ادبی معر کے زوروں پر تھے۔ آپ نے شیر صاحب کے سامنے زانوئے تلمذتہہ کیا اور ابتدائی کلام پر اصلاح لینی شروع کی۔ لیکن یہ سلسلہ زیادہ دیر تک قائم نہ رہا اور آپ روزگار کی تلاش میں لاہور چلے گئے۔
گو میں رہا رہین ستم ہائے روزگار
لیکن ترے خیال سے غافل نہیں رہا
کے مصداق آپ نے لاہور میں داغ دہلوی کے شاگرد راج نرائن ارمان دہلوی سے اصلاح لینی شروع کر دی۔(۲۳۸)آتش کشمیری اپنی کتاب ’’سرزمینِ ظفر وال‘‘ میں میلا رام وفا کے بارے میں کہتے ہیں:
آپ نے لاہور میں داغ دہلوی کے شاگرد راج نرائن ارمان دہلوی سے اصلاح لی اور ان سے بہت استفادہ کیا۔ استاد کی ہمراہی میں بہت سے مشاعروں میں جانے کا موقع بھی ملا اور آپ کا کلام اردو رسائل میں چھپنا شروع ہو گیا۔ زیادہ عرصہ نہیں گزرا تھا کہ آپ مشہور شعراکے پہلو بہ پہلو چلنے لگے۔ آپ روزنامہ ’’ہندوستان‘‘ کے نائب مدیر اور روزنامہ ’’ویر بھارت‘‘ کے مدیرِ اعلی کے عہدے پر بھی فائز ہوئے۔ تقسیمِ ملک کے بعد آپ اس عزم سے دہلی تشریف لے گئے کہ ’’اے سر زمینِ ظفر وال‘‘ میں تیری تبلیغ کو زمین کے کناروں تک پہنچا دوں گا۔(۲۳۹)
دہلی میں آپ ’’تیج‘‘،’’پرتاپ‘‘ اور ’’پردیپ‘‘ کے ایڈیٹر بھی رہے۔ آپ کے شعری کلام کا مجموعہ بعنوان ’’سنگِ میل‘‘ چھپ چکا ہے جو پاکستان میں نایاب ہے۔ جموں یونیورسٹی میں آپ پر پی۔ایچ ڈی کا مقالہ لکھا جا چکا ہے۔ میلا رام نظم اور غزل کے شاعر کے ساتھ ساتھ ناول نگار اور صحافی بھی ہیں۔
ان کی شعری زبان...
Aim of study: To identify the effectiveness of particular trunk stabilization versus a general exercise in low back pain management.
Methodology: An experimental study was conducted at the physiotherapy department of Dow University of Health Sciences, 52 participants with low backache were enrolled and assessed for pain intensity using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and disability by using the Modified Oswestry Low Back Disability Index (MOLBDQ-I). Through equal randomization one group got their low back pain treated through trunk stabilization exercises while the other with general exercises, 3times/week* 4weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 by applying non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test.
Results: This study demonstrated that males and females are equally affected by chronic low back pain. Trunk stabilizing and general exercise regimes both significantly reduced the pain and disability in the study population but the effectiveness of trunk stabilizing exercises were significantly superior in reducing pain.
Limitations and Future Implications: Study did not include a control group that received no intervention. It would be valuable to assess the cost-effectiveness of trunk stabilization exercises compared to general exercises or other interventions.
Originality: Trunk stabilizing exercises are superior in reducing pain, disability, and restoring functional mobility than general exercises in chronic back pain.
Conclusion: Trunk stabilizing exercises are superior in reducing pain, disability, and restoring functional mobility than general exercises in chronic back pain.
The term discipline', especially classroom discipline is an essential component in the teaching and learning process in schools. There is no single definition of this term, on which, the teachers and teacher educators have built a consensus. Much of the current literature discusses teaching opportunities that enable children to learn how to develop self-discipline, and to handle problems that arise within the school system. This contrasts with the authoritarian approach to discipline, that appears to be prevalent in most of the schools. The above two perspectives indicate that no consensus has been reached as far as definition and maintenance of discipline is concerned. This study was conducted to find out the existing approach to discipline in one of the private secondary schools in Karachi. For this purpose the qualitative case study approach was adopted where the data was collected through interviews, observations and documentary analysis. A number of key stakeholders (discussed in chapter three) were interviewed about their views of school discipline and their approach to maintain the discipline. The whole study revolves around Faris' (1996), view of discipline, as he argues, Today educators have moved away from trying to control students behaviour and instead focus on the teaching process to create, implement and maintain a classroom environment that supports learning The findings of the study indicate that there is a consistency in stakeholders expectations about what discipline is, and what discipline is for. The school has set certain rules and subsequent reward systems, which have been made known to stakeholders. The study further indicates that the school maintains discipline through: Empowering teachers and students by giving them leading responsibilities in various academic and co-curricular councils within the school and also supports students' learning by creating an appropriate learning environment. In addition, the school organizes professional development programmes for its staff and informs and involves parents in solving discipline- related problems in school. There is a monitoring and follow-up of the students' social skills. At classroom levels, the teachers have a pro-active approach to discipline. Lastly, the turnover of teachers, high ratio of students, especially in primary classes and some strict rules at pre-primary level, were found to be the challenging factors.