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Factors Impacting Female Teachers’ Competencies of Secondary Public Schools of Karachi

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Zafar, Hamida

Program

PhD

Institute

Jinnah University for Women

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2011

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2346/1/2935S.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724387930

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In the education system the teachers play a very important role. Therefore, a teacher needs to have her own philosophy of education on which she makes educational decisions for her students. Her philosophy of education needs not to be the once presented by different educationist and philosophers, it could be a mixture of the ones already available or something new and significant that she found effective in teaching her students. The females are more suitable for teaching profession and majority of women join it as career in our country because they can understand the psychological needs of the students easily. The teacher has to understand the little things that affected the ability to learn the temperature in the classroom, the time of the day. She has an understanding of human nature and the maturity at secondary level. Especially while teaching and showing impact of different factors on teaching competencies. The research topic is “Factors impacting female teachers’ competencies of secondary public schools of Karachi”. This study aimed to find out the impact of different factors i.e. socio economical, emotional, political, educational, environmental and administrative problems related to female secondary school teachers on their teachingii competency. It was predicted that the problem would have adverse impact on teaching performance of government secondary school teachers. The aims and objectives of this study were: (1) To find out the problems of female school teacher. (2) To identify the socio cultural problems. (3) To find out the environment problems of female school teachers. (4) To measure the teaching competency of teachers by relationship between teachers and students. (5) To find out the personal school problems of female teachers. This research study was quantitative cum qualitative in nature and discussed the teaching competencies of female teachers at secondary level. The population of this study was all the government girls’ secondary schools of Karachi city. The total sample of the study was comprised of 50 secondary female schools. Ten (10) towns and their 300 teachers were selected for study. The tools used for this study were questionnaire and interviews of Principals, District Education Officers and one Scholar. The study was survey based and descriptive research. The data were systematically tabulated and statistically analyzed by using simple mean, standard deviation and percentage graphic bar to show the exact result of the data. Recommendations were drawn in the light of results and conclusion.
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۔طاہر وحید

چلو.....پھر"

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چلو ہم بھیگ آئیں،

چلو پیروں سے لپٹے راستوں کو پائمالی سے بچائیں...!

چلو منزل کو اب گھر لے کے آئیں،

چلو منظر کی ویرانی سے آنکھوں کو بچائیں...!

چلو خوابوں کو ان میں لا بٹھائیں،

چلو آئینے کو بے چہرہ لوگوں کی رفاقت سے چھڑائیں...!

چلو ہم خود کو اس کے روبرو لائیں،

چلو اب منجمد رشتوں کو تجدیدِ تعلق سے جگائیں...!

چلو "دل اوک" میں جذبوں کی تھوڑی دھوپ بھر لائیں،

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چلو باب-دعا "خود" کھول آئیں،



 

أهمية كشف ممارسات المحاسبة الإبداعية من خلال دور معايير المحاسبة الدولية والإفصاح المحاسبي

تناولت الورقة البحثية العلاقة الإيجابية بين كل من الإفصاح المحاسبي عن المعلومات الواجب توافرها ونشرها عن المنشأة، من خلال أساليب الإفصاح التي هي الطرق التي تسهل فهم وقراءة البيانات المالية، وكل أسلوب يكمل ويفسر كل غموض وارد في القوائم المالية خاصة وأن الإفصاح ضرورة مهمة تقتضيها عملية توصيل المعلومات المناسبة وبالنوعية المطلوبة في الوقت المناسب. كما ناقش الباحثون مفهوم المحاسبة الإبداعية وممارساتها، وكيفية تسكين هذه الممارسات بين الجائزة وعدم الجائزة، حيث تطرق الباحثون إلى هذه الممارسات التي تضمنتها المعايير الدولية لإعداد التقارير المالية . IFRS

Identification of Genes Involved in Human Hereditary Skin Disorders

A fully functional gene is one of the most indispensable elements for perfect operational human machinery. Any anomaly in epigenetic mechanism or disturbance in gene expression through mutations can cause functional, developmental and structural abnormalities that are transmitted inheritably in human. Disease causing mutations involved in such genetic disorders are screened by molecular genetics and recent advancements in this field have facilitated investigators to understand the complex mechanisms regulating skin and its associated appendages. The present dissertation, a part of my PhD studies, describes clinical and molecular analysis of 18 consanguineous kindred (A-R) presenting various types of human skin disorders. Affected individuals in family A demonstrated clinical features of autosomal recessive hair loss including sparse hair on the scalp, sparse eyebrows and eyelashes, and papules formation on different parts of body. Human genome scan using 500 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers established linkage in the family to a novel 3.67 Mb region on chromosome 8p22. The maximum multipoint LOD score of 2.41 was achieved with five microsatellite markers mapped at chromosome 8p22. Three other families (B, C, D), exhibited clinical features of congenital atrichia with papular lesions (APL), mapped to the nearby hairless gene on chromosome 8p21.3. Mutational screening in patients of these three families failed to reveal any functional variant. Affected individuals in five families (E-I) showed clinical features of autosomal recessive hypotrichosis/woolly hair. Majority of the affected members exhibited sparse scalp hair, sparse eyebrows and eyelashes, and sparse thin hair on other parts of the body. Genetic mapping established linkage in two families (E, F) to the gene LIPH at chromosome 3q27 and in three families (G, H, I) to LPAR6 on chromosome 13q14.11-q23.21. Sequence analysis of the gene LIPH revealed a novel deletion mutation (c.682delT; p.Leu228TrpfsX31) in exon 5 in affected individuals of the family E. Sequencing of the gene LPAR6 led to the identification of three recurrent missense mutations (p.Glu189Lys, p.Asp63Val, p.Ile188Phe) in family G, H and I. In the tenth family (J), affected members presented clinical features of autosomal recessive hypotrichosis including sparse thin light brown hair on the scalp, sparse eyebrows and sparse to absent eyelashes, and sparse hair growth on the chest, arms, legs and other parts of the body. Genetic mapping established linkage in the family to a 12.69 cM disease interval, flanked by markers D10S1665 and D10S2337, on chromosome 10q11.23-22.3. Three genes (ZMYND17, KAT6B/MYST4, P4HA1), located in the candidate linkage interval, were sequenced in affected members of the family but failed to detect any functional sequence variant. Autosomal dominant form of hypotrichosis/woolly hair was observed only in two families (K, L) in the present investigation. Affected individuals in family K presented patchy hair loss leading to sparse thin hair on the scalp and normal growth of hair at beard, mustache, eyebrows and eyelashes. Affected individuals in the other family (L) presented tightly curled and twisted scalp hair entangling with each other. Eyebrows, eyelashes, mustache and beard hair were found normal in the affected individuals. Genotyping analysis established linkage in both the families to the genes KRT71-KRT74 mapped on chromosome 12q12-q14.1. Sequence analysis of the gene KRT74 detected a novel heterozygous missense mutation (c.1444G>A; p.Asp482Asn) in all the five affected members of family K. Sequencing of both the genes KRT71 and KRT74 in affected individuals of the family L however failed to detect sequence variants. The present study located in a remote area of the country a family (M) in which affected members showed features of hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy (HJMD). Genetic mapping showed linkage of the family to the gene CDH3 at chromosome 16q22.1. Subsequently, sequence analysis of the gene revealed a novel splice acceptor site mutation (c.IVS10-1 G→A) in all affected members of family. Two families (N, O) showed segregation of X-linked recessive isolated hypodontia. Affected incisors and to some extent canines and premolars with a variable expression were observed in patients of these two families. Genotyping showed linkage of the families to the gene EDA at chromosome Xq12-13.1. Mutational screening of the gene EDA revealed a missense mutation (c.1091T>C; p.Met364Thr) in family N but failed to detect potential sequence variants in family O. Autosomal recessive hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (ARHED) was observed in affected individuals in two families (P, Q). All the affected members showed fine thin hair on the scalp and sparse to absent eyebrows and eyelashes, hypohidrosis, saddled-shaped nose, protruding prominent lips, only two teeth with conical shape and normal nails. Mapping analysis exhibited linkage of the families to the gene EDAR on chromosome 2q11-q13. Subsequently, sequencing of the gene revealed two novel mutations: a missense (c.1163T>C; p.Ile388Thr) in family P and insertion (c.1014insA; p.Val339SerfsX6) in family Q. In family R, the patients demonstrated phenotypes of isolated congenital bilateral clubbing of all finger- and toenails. The nails were shiny, thick, long and broad. Genotyping established linkage of the family to the gene HPGD at chromosome 4q32.3-q34.2. Sequence analysis of the gene identified a recurrent mutation (c.577T>C; p.Ser193Pro) in all affected members of the family. The data presented in the dissertation has been published in the following articles. 1. Naqvi SK, Wasif N, Javaid H, Ahmad W (2011). Two novel mutations in the gene EDAR causing autosomal recessive hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research 14: 156-159 2. Wasif N, Kamran-Ul-Hassan Naqvi S, Basit S, Ali N, Ansar M, Ahmad W (2011). Novel mutations in the keratin-74 (KRT74) gene underlie autosomal dominant woolly hair/hypotrichosis in Pakistani families. Human Genetics 129: 419-424 (Joint First Authors) 3. Khan S, Habib R, Mir H, Umm-E-Kalsoom, Naz G, Ayub M, Shafique S, Yasmin T, Ali N, Basit S, Wasif N, Kamran-Ul-Hassan Naqvi S, Ali G, Wali A, Ansar M, Ahmad W (2011) Mutations in the LPAR6 and LIPH genes underlie autosomal recessive hypotrichosis/woolly hair in 17 consanguineous families from Pakistan. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 36: 652-654 4. Kamran-Ul-Hassan Naqvi S, Azeem Z, Ali G, Ahmad W (2010) A novel splice- acceptor site mutation in CDH3 gene in a consanguineous family exhibiting hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy. Archives and Dermatological Research 302: 701-703 5. Azeem Z, Kamran-Ul-Hassan Naqvi S, Ansar M, Wali A, Naveed AK, Ali G, Hassan MJ, Tariq M, Basit S, Ahmad W (2009) Recurrent mutations in functionally-related EDA and EDAR genes underlie X-linked isolated hypodontia and autosomal recessive hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Archives and Dermatological Research 301: 625-629 (Joint First Authors) 6. Kamran-Ul-Hassan Naqvi S, Raza SI, Naveed AK, John P, Ahmad W (2008) A novel deletion mutation in the phospholipase H (LIPH) gene in a consanguineous Pakistani family with autosomal recessive hypotrichosis (LAH2). British Journal of Dermatology 160: 194-196 7. Azeem Z, Jelani M, Naz G, Tariq M, Wasif N, Kamran-Ul-Hassan Naqvi S, Ayub M, Yasinzai M, Amin-ud-din M, Wali A, Ali G, Chishti MS, Ahmad W (2008) Novel mutations in G protein-coupled receptor gene (P2RY5) in families with autosomal recessive hypotrichosis (LAH3). Human Genetics 123: 515-519