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Home > A Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Mathematics Curriculum Taught at Gec O-Level and Ssc System of Schools in Karachi

A Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Mathematics Curriculum Taught at Gec O-Level and Ssc System of Schools in Karachi

Thesis Info

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Author

Muhammad Akhtar

Program

PhD

Institute

Hamdard University

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11078/1/Muhammad%20AKHTAR%20%28Revised%20Ph.D.%20%20Thesis%29.docx

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724395317

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The focus of this study was on the comparison of mathematics curricula of General Certificate of Education (GCE) Ordinary Level (O-Level) and Secondary School Certificate (SSC). The purpose of this comparison was to trace out the factors responsible for the shortcomings in instructional objectives, contents, approaches, methods of teaching and pattern of assessment in the local (SSC) system of education. The study was specifically focused on: (1) to compare and analyze the aims and objectives of teaching mathematics at SSC and GCE (O- Level); (2) to compare the contents of textbooks and question papers of SSC and GCE mathematics courses; (3) to critically compare the effectiveness of approaches and teaching methods applied in both systems; (4) to compare and analyze the assessment patterns in both systems.The population of the study was comprised of teachers, students, prescribed text books of mathematics taught at SSC and GCE (O- Level) and question papers of the examination boards of both systems. The overall size of the sample was of 300 teachers, 200 students and 20 subject experts. The sample included 180 teachers, 120 students and 10 subject experts from the SSC system whereas 120 teachers, 80 students and 10 subject experts from GCE system. An interview protocol and questionnaires were designed and administered. A content analysis was made to compare the contents of textbooks and question papers of the last 20 years (1994-2013) of Board of Secondary Education Karachi (BSEK) and Cambridge International Examinations (CIE). The quantitative data were analyzed using t-test. It was concluded that the implementation of mathematics curriculum is relatively more effectivein GCE (O-Level) than in SSC curriculum although no significant difference has been found in the methods of teaching in both systems. The key factors traced out as major contributors in this difference of effectiveness were: GCE teachers were found clear and well-informed about the expected aims and objectives of their curriculum while SSC teachers were not clear because they did not have access to the expected aims and objectives of their curriculum; GCE textbooks were found aligned withthe expected aims and objectives of its curriculum while contents in SSC textbooks were not found in support of some very important expected outcomes of curriculum such as logical thinking and systematic reasoning; the approach of GCE teachers regarding organization of the contents for teaching was found to some extent concentric (spiral) while SSC teachers were found adopting a topical approach; the focus of GCE system was found on depth in knowledge through rigorous practice while the focus of SSC system was found on memorization of factual and procedural knowledge through practice; GCE system was found using formative assessment (assessment for learning) more systematically than SSC system where focus was on summative assessment (assessment of learning), during internal school assessments; GCE system was more focused on application of knowledge versus dispensation of knowledge however SSC system was focused more on constant dispensation of knowledge than its application. The foundation of difference between the two systems was found in their methods of assessment. The question papers of GCE mathematics were based on the overall expectations of the curriculum whereas SSC papers coveredthe expectation of factual and procedural knowledge only. GCE papers consisted of application based questions with no question exactly the same as the ones in the textbooks whereas SSC papers were comprised of exactly same as the textbook questions; GCE papers have been found with no sectioning on the basis of topics whereas SSC papers were sectioned on the basis of different topics;no pattern of repetition has been found in GCE papers whereas in SSC papers, a clear pattern of repetition was found; it was found thatwhole syllabus is required to be done inorder to attempt the GCE paper completely,whereas the SSC paper could be completed even after skipping many topics from the syllabus. No discontinuation of mathematics has been found at school level in GCE system whereas in SSC system,a suspension of mathematics teaching for one complete year (during grade IX) has been observed. In the light of these conclusions, concrete recommendations were made.
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معاشی حالات

معاشی حالات

                ناطق کے معاشی حالات درست نہ تھے۔ یہی وجہ تھی کہ انہوں نے اپنے تعلیمی سفر کے آغاز میں تعلیم کے ساتھ ساتھ مزدوری کے فرائض بھی سر انجام دیے اور اپنے معاشی حالات کی وضاحت کرتے ہوئے مزید بتایا کہ جماعت ہفتم تک ان کے پاؤں میں جوتا نہیں ہوتا تھا۔

Bâbâ Farîd’s Hymns in Granth Ṣâhib with Qur’ânic Backdrop: A Review

Bābā Farīd al-Dīn Ganj-i-Shakar, considered as the first Punjābī Sūfī poet, not only exercised his skill but also conveyed Qur’ānic and Prophetic (PBUH) message through his Punjābī poetry. His poetry is a rich source of Islamic teachings in lingua franca of the Punjab. The research intends to explore that whether the inclusion of his poetry in the Sikh scripture is recognition of Muslim mysticism or the poetry itself. The study attempts to examine the relation of the hymns of Bābā Ṣāhib with the teachings of Holy Qur’ān. Bābā Farīd, because of his high stature as an originator of Punjābī poetry, got a place in Granth Ṣāhib. The goal of this research is to highlight the pivotal position of Bābā Ṣāhib in connecting the two major religions of the world. The paper not only substantiates the historic position of Bābā Ṣāhib but also gives an insight to the services rendered by his poetry in promoting the interfaith harmony in the Sub-continent. This article focuses on Bābā Farīd as a literary and moral Canon, which led his work to be included in Sikh scripture. Moreover, it hints at the nuances of religious tolerance, mutual respect and love for knowledge, which lacks otherwise in a multi-religious society. In this article some of Bābā Ṣāhib’s verses in Granth Ṣāhib will be traced and analysed, taking into account their Qur’ānic interpretations. The comparative and somewhat historical approaches have been adopted to lay out a vivid analysis of his hymns in relation with the verses of the Holy Qur’ān and hence a message is extracted. Thus, he, evidently becoming part of one of the greatest anthologies of Punjābī poetry, attracted a huge outreach. The research question of this article is, whether the Holy Qur’ān is a basic source of Bābā Ṣāhib’s poetry or otherwise. It is strongly recommended that in order to attain actual harmony in our society, Bābā Ṣāhib’s work should be published in Shah-Mukhi script for the contemporary readership.

Taxonomy and Dental Morphological Studies of Fossil Artiodactyls from Type Locality of Dhok Pathan, Punjab, Pakistan

A taxonomic investigation of Late Miocene artiodactyl fauna of Dhok Pathan, the Middle Siwaliks, Pakistan, was undertaken. Comparative morphometric features of the late Miocene artiodactyls from the locality are studied in this thesis. The late Miocene artiodactyls are presented on the basis of description of abundant material from the Dhok Pathan type locality of the Dhok Pathan Formation, the Middle Siwaliks and the remains increasingly indicate taxonomic diversity. Quantitatively, the taxa of bovids are the most predominant. But cervids, tragulids, giraffids and suids are approximately as common as each other at Dhok Pathan. More than 130 artiodactyl fossil specimens were studied in this thesis from the Dhok Pathan type locality. All the described specimens include Skulls, horn cores, isolated teeth and fragments of maxillae or mandibles. These fossils document twenty three artiodactyl species belonging to fifteen genera and five families. This assemblage includes two new taxa: Miotragocerus large sp. and ?Hydaspitherium sp. Boselaphines, antilopines, reduncines, cervids, tragulids, giraffids and suids are abundant in the locality whereas tragelaphines and alcelaphines are absent. Biogeographically, the late Miocene artiodactyls indicate strong relationships with Eurasian and African late Miocene sites. In this study, paleoenvironmental interpretations of the type locality provide important evidence regarding late Miocene paleoenvironments. Most of these taxa indicate a predominance of woodland to savannah habitat during the deposition of the Dhok Pathan Formation.