62. Al-Jumu'ah/The Congregation
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
62:01
a. Whatever is within the celestial realm and the terrestrial world is Glorifying Allah – The One and Only God -
b. The Sovereign, The Holy, The Almighty, The All-Wise.
62:02
a. It is HE WHO assigned among the people who had no Scripture a Messenger – Muhammad ibn Abdallah - from among themselves
- to recite HIS Messages from The Qur’an to them, and
- to purify them spiritually from dogma, myth, and polytheism, and
- to teach them of the Law, and
- the wisdom - morality and beliefs, etc.
b. Though before this, they were clearly astray from the Divine Guidance.
62:03
a. And also HE assigned Muhammad to others from them who have not joined them as yet.
b. And HE is The Almighty, The All-Wise.
62:04
a. Such is the Grace of Allah, which HE confers upon whoever HE Wants.
b. And, HIS Grace, HE has now conferred upon The Last of the Prophets, Muhammad,
c. for Allah is the Possessor of Infinite Grace.
62:05
a. The likeness of those who had been charged with enacting and complying with laws of The Torah, then did not uphold it, is as the likeliness of a donkey carrying a load of books oblivious of benefiting from them.
b. How evil is the likeness of the people who deny and belie Allah’s Messages in The Torah and now in The Qur’an!
c. And Allah does not guide the people who have chosen to be misguided and are wrongdoers.
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Permissibility (al-Ibāḥah) is a kind of the Islamic law, which gives option to someone to do or not to do something. If something is done by someone under this order, no punishment or reward is liable. It nullifies the delinquency. This paper defines the lexical and technical meanings of permissibility as defined by different Islamic scholars like alShāṭibī, al-Āmidī and al-Ghazālī and the conventional law that how it removes responsibility of delinquency of an act and makes it permissible for person, who does it. Its different kinds and causes for permissibility have been discussed. It has general and particular kinds. It has also been differentiated from insanity: that when a person commits an offense under defective understanding such as childhood, mental illness and in sleeping. These conditions remove someone’s responsibility and one cannot be prosecuted by both the laws. Different rules regarding mistake and ignorance in the case of al-Ibāḥah (permissibility) has been discussed in detail. There are limitations of al-Ibāḥah and if the limits of alIbāḥah are transgressed, then, the act converts into criminality. The author, in this paper, presents a comparative study of the Islamic Law and Conventional Law on the issue of al-Ibāḥah.
Wheat is staple food of inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent and is grown all over the irrigated and rain fed areas of this region. This important crop is now under the threat of Karnal bunt disease caused by Tilletia indica; a fungus of basidiomycetes, that seriously affects the quality of the grains, by emitting fishy odour of tri-methylamine which makes the flour quality unacceptable for human consumption. Previously the disease was considered of minor importance and was prevalent in the areas of low temperature and high humidity only, but now it has got the status of emerging infectious quarantine disease in many parts of the world including Pakistan. Present studies were conducted to scrutinize the prevalence, infestation level of the infection and identification of genetic sources resistant to Tilletia indica pathogen. Studies were conducted in the wheat growing areas of the Southern Punjab that is under dry hot climate. Seven districts viz. Khanewal, Multan, Lodhran , Bahawalpur, Vehari, Bahawal Nagar and Rahim Yar Khan were selected to evaluate the disease as well as genotypes potential regarding the disease occurrence. During survey and monitoring of these localities forty nine hot spots of the karnal bunt disease were identified. Six high yielding commercial varieties were grown at these spots, out of which Punjnad-1 showed maximum capacity to resist the disease pressure followed by Inqilab-91. while Manthar -03 and Uqab- 2000.