Elementary education is a fundamental right of every child and has been duly enshrined in our constitution. It is a bed-rock of the educational pyramid contributing much towards socio-economic development of a country. The government at national and regional level is trying to universalize it, but these efforts are thwarted because the system is besetting with grave disparities in the provision of physical and material facilities, male and female education, urban and rural areas and other qualitative and quantitative aspects of elementary education particularly in the region of NWFP. Such problems and issues have been identified in various policies and plans by the government but the situation has not sufficiently improved. If elementary education has been expanded, its quality still suffers for various reasons. The phenomena of wastage in terms of dropouts, repetitions and failures still prevail which obstruct the goal of universal elementary education. Now the question arises as to what changes and improvements have been made so far? What disparity still exists between the urban and rural schools, and what priority was given by the government to the development of urban and rural schools? These are some of the questions that have necessitated a thorough investigation into the problem. The study is guided by the objectives of analyzing in depth the policy initiatives, specific situation leading to disparity between male and female education and between urban and rural elementary schools. The study also propose a long range action plan (2001-2015) for universalization of elementary education, provision of teachers, development of infrastructure and availability of financial resources. The study conducted is expected to contribute with respect to influencing the policy of the government by providing guide-lines to all concerned regarding development of elementary education in the region. It is also expected to provide a rationale for equitable distribution of physical and financial resources for the development of elementary education. The study will hopefully facilitate thexx implementation of a long range perspective plan (1998-2015) in the region and will prove a useful document for researchers and other training institutions. The study is descriptive in nature. Related to quantitative aspect of the problem, which requires, statistical method. For this purpose, authentic statistical reports issued by the government both at national and regional levels have been analyzed. Two periods i.e 1995-96 and 2000-01 have been compared to ascertain the progress or deficiency of these periods. Every item collected for analysis has been worked out in percentage and interpreted accordingly. The study has also been supported by a case study in the District Nowshera NWFP. The researcher has advanced certain recommendations for bringing about reforms and improvements in the system of elementary education in the region. The areas of reforms are focused on bringing about qualitative and quantitative improvement to minimize wastage and to increase enrolment. Besides, improvement of physical facilities of elementary education, as a crucial problem has also highlighted. In short, the determination of government, through political commitment and liberal financial resources is a pre-requisite for achieving the goals. The same issues have also been addressed in the case study in District Nowshera, NWFP.
مولانا عبدالحئی سہارنپوری ہندوستان میں عربی علم و ادب و لغت و محاورات کے جو چند مخصوص ماہرین ہیں۔ ان میں ایک مولانا عبدالحئی صاحب سہارنپوری استاد جامعہ عثمانیہ بھی تھے، افسوس کہ انہوں نے ۲۷؍ رمضان ۱۳۴۸ھ کو بمقام حیدرآباد دکن، مرض طاعون میں مبتلا ہوکر وفات پائی، مرحوم کے دادا شیخ الحدیث مولانا احمد علی صاحب سہارنپوری تھے، جو اپنے زمانے میں علم حدیث کے مرجع کل تھے، ان کے صاحبزادہ اور مرحوم مولانا عبدالحئی صاحب کے والد مولانا عبدالرحمان صاحب ادب عربی کے نامور عالم اور عربی کے شاعر تھے، انہوں نے اندلس کی تباہی کے مشہور مرثیہ کی بحروقافیہ میں مولانا حالی مرحوم کے اشارہ سے ہندوستان کی تباہی کا بہت پردرد مرثیہ لکھا تھا، مولانا عبدالحئی مرحوم کی عمر پینتالیس اور پچاس کے درمیان تھی، عربی کے شاعر اور عربی ادب و امثال اور محاورات کے بڑے عالم تھے اور سرکار نظام کی اعانت سے وہ عربی محاورات کا ایک ضخیم لغت فراہم کررہے تھے، افسوس کہ یہ عظیم الشان کارنامہ بھی ان کی موت سے ناتمام رہا۔ اِنَّا لِلّٰہِ وَ اِنَّا اِلَیْہِ رَاجِعُوْنَ۔ میری ان کی ملاقات دارالعلوم ندوہ میں ۱۹۰۶ء میں ہوئی تھی، جہاں آکر وہ بعض فنون کی تکمیل اور جھوائی ٹولہ میں طب کی تعلیم حاصل کرتے تھے۔ یہ دارالعلوم کا عجیب زمانہ تھا، مولانا شبلی مرحوم زندہ تھے، مولانا حمیدالدین صاحب اور مولانا ابوالکلام صاحب کئی کئی مہینے آکر مولانا مرحوم کے پاس رہتے تھے اور ہر وقت علمی چہل پہل اور علم و ادب کی گفتگو رہتی تھی، اس صحبت میں مرحوم بھی شریک رہتے تھے۔ ان کے والد حیدرآباد میں مطب کرتے تھے، اس تعلق سے حیدرآباد جاکر رہے اور جامعہ عثمانیہ میں استاد مقرر ہوئے، ساتھ ہی ولی عہد بہادر نواب معظم جاہ بہادر (ہزبائنس پرنس آف برار) کی استادی و اتالیقی کے منصب پر...
Born in 1894 in "Darb Sadah" of Cairo: Mehmood Taimur has attained a distinguished place in the world of literature. Besides writing literature, he has also written many essays/articles. He has highlighted social problems in his social essays and has become a social reformer. He has pinpointed the following social issues in these essays: (1) He has exposed the social ills like class distinction: sexual deprivation destitute and ignorance. (2) He has also acquainted the people about the causes of polygamy and divorce in the light of Shariat and rejects the contention with the solid argument that woman is a weak creature subjected to all kind of wrong treatment. Every person has a right to lead a peaceful life in this world and no one has the right to deprive him of this privilege except owing to some Islamic law. Most of the people were unaware of the rights of woman granted by Islam or they were not accepting them but Mehmood Taimur has presented all those rights in a beautiful way before society that is why on reading his social essays man reaches the conclusion that he was a social reformer.
Today, Denial of Service (DOS) and Distributed Denial of Service attacks (DDOS) are rapidly increasing on the Internet. DDOS attacks are used to overload the network infrastructure and services. Such kinds of attacks lead to the unavailability of services across networks. In this research, different types of DOS/DDOS attacks and prevention measures are also discussed. Honey pots can be used to ensure the continuous availability of services across networks. Honey pot is defined as a trap that mimics, notice and records overall activities of the attacker. Honey pot is used on server side, recognizes different kinds of attacks, protects user?s confidential data and records all malicious activities. Minimal computer resources are required in honey pots. These can be used as potential sources of risk for the network. Honey pots have a limited preventive character and a high degree of intrusion detection. In this research, Honey pots will be implemented in a demilitarized zone where two firewalls are used to protect internal and external traffic of the network. In suggested solution, honey pots are implemented as virtual machines (VM) which can be hosted on some physical servers. VM?s share resources, so multiple honey pots can be hosted on one server. The security mechanism of Honey pots VM is same as real servers but some vulnerability is deliberately left in order to trap the attacker. These VM?s observe the incoming traffic and notice the malicious activities continuously, once an attack is detected, all traffic from attack source will be forwarded to the honey pot VM network. In this way, malicious data will not route towards the production servers. The preventive action will be taken for a DDOS attack through the honey mesh system is based on fuzzy rules. Fuzzy control logic is used with reasoning which is approximation value rather than exact values. The purpose of this research is how to prevent different types of DOS/DDOS attacks through expert honey mesh security infrastructure. In this research, software simulation tool DDOSSim will be used to identify and simulate DDOS attacks via defense mechanism. The performance will be evaluated via taxonomy of input and output parameters in order to detect and prevent DDOS attacks.