Home > A Comparative Study of the Effect of Use of Information and Communication Technology in Varied Teaching Approaches on Achievement and Retention of Students of Mathematics
A Comparative Study of the Effect of Use of Information and Communication Technology in Varied Teaching Approaches on Achievement and Retention of Students of Mathematics
The purpose of this study was to compare and delennine the more effective approach by use of Infonnation and Communication Technology (lCT) on achievement and retention of secondary school students of mathematics in Pakistan. The three approaches used fOf this study were, the Computer Based Instruction (CBl). Computer Bascd Learning (CBL). and Teacher Centered (TC) approach. The research design was the posttesl-only control group design. Seventeen research questions were put in the study. Sample of the study were 63 students alld was heterogeneous to provide representation aeross ability level and gender. The achievement and retention instruments were in the IQnn of researcher''s made posHest and the delayed-postlest. The CRI and COL boys and girls studems (taught separately) were grouped as treatment groups whereas the TC boys and girls students were grouped as reference group. The same topic mathematics, "Concept of Matrices" was taught to all three groups. The CBI groups were taught through software - Educational Program of Gifted Youth (EPGY), developed by Stanford University, USA. These groups were also supported by lectures, drill, and practice and self-assessment opportunities. The CBL groups used the EPGY software and in addition they made use of all possible resources of information and communication technology; internet, c-mail, chaHing and on-line help. The TC groups were taught through traditional teaching techniques. Two-way analysis of Covariance (ANCQVA) procedure from SPSS program wa~ adapted for the analysis of data of the study. Significant levels of all research hypothesis tested in this study were at the 0.05 levels, There was no significant difference among score oflhe students taught mathematics through CBI, CBL and xiv approaches on achievement. The main effects of the groups and ability did no! meet the 0.05 level of significance. However, the main effects comparison of gender was slgnmcruliat 0.047. There was a significant difference among the group''s retention of the students taught mathematics through eBJ, eBL and approaches. The main effect of the ability did meet the 0.05 level of significance on delayed-postlest. The main effect comparison of groups was also significant at 0.023. However, the main effect for group reach statistical significance on delayed-post test. Post-hoc comparison using the Tukey HSD test indicated that the means score of delayed- posUcst for the CBL group was significantly different from the TC group, The CBI group did not differ significantly from either of the eBL or TC groups, It was found that the CBL group had significantly scored higher in achieving as well as in retaining the content of mathematics taught to them during the experiment. The below average students retained significantly more than the average and above average students. The girls students overall scored considerably higher than the boys in delayed-posttest. It was concluded that the use of CSL approach in leaching of mathematics at secondary level in Pakistan can be encouraged for beller achievement and retention of the subject which is one of the objective of teaching or mathematics at this stage,
ہزارہ دا اتہاس بہوں پرانا اے ۔ایتھوں دے وسوں دا اسمبھندھ پتھر دو رنال جا رلدا اے ۔ ایس دا پرانا ناں ’’عروسہ ‘‘اے جس توں اکھر’’ اورش ‘‘بنیا اے ۔ہندوستانی تاریخ مہا بھارت 301ء قبل مسیح وچ ایس داناں ’اراگا ‘‘''URAGA''ؒلکھیا ہویا اے ۔جس دے ارتھ جھیل دے ہن (۱)321ء ق م وچ ایس دا الحاق ٹیکسلا نال ہویا تے 326ق م وچ سکند ر اعظم نے ایس علاقے تے حملہ کیتا تے فتح کر کے ایس نوں پونچھ دے راجا ابھیسار دے حوالے کر دتا تے(2) ایس علاقے نوں ’’ابھسیار‘‘آکھیا جاون لگ پیا ۔329(3)ق م وچ ایس علاقے تے موریہ خاندان دا قبضہ ہو یا تے چندر گپت موریہ دے راج وچ ’’سنئہ گپتا ‘‘دا آغاز ہو یا ۔چند گپت دے مگروں ہند وسر راجہ بنیا تے بندو سر دی موت پچھوں اشوک اعظم راج گدی اتے بیٹھیا ۔اوس سمے ٹیکسلا ایس علاقے دی راج دھانی سی ۔اشوک اعظم نے اپنے حکم پتھراں اتے لکھوائے جو اج وی مانسہرہ دے بٹ پل تے بریٹری علاقے وچ ویکھے جا سکدے نیں ۔ہندو بریٹری پہاڑی اتے شیوا دی پوجا لئی جاندے سن (4)اشوک دے مگروں سیتھین نے ایس علاقے اتے راج کیتا تے ایہناں توں پچھوں ساکا خاندان دی حکومت قائم ہوئی ۔
484ء وچ راجہ رسالو نے ہزارہ اتے قبضہ کیتا ۔راجہ رسالو راجہ سالباسن دا پتر سی تے ساکا خاندان نال تعلق رکھدا سی (5)اوہ شکار کرن ہزارہ آندا رہندا سی ۔ایہہ اوس ویلے ٹیکسلا راج دا حصہ سی ۔سری کپ نے اک وار راجہ رسالو دے بہوں سارے بندیاں نوں بندی بنا لیا ۔اوہ راجہ رسالونوں وی بندی بنا نا چاہندا سی ۔راجہ رسالو تے راجہ سری کپ وچ شطرنج دا مقابلہ ہو یا ۔جس وچ سر ی کپ...
Cardiac arrhythmias has been frequently reported after left ventricular assist devices implantation but currently literature shows no sufficient information on cardiac arrhythmias. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and other features of ventricular and supra ventricular ectopic beats ((SVEB), atrial fibrillation (AF)/flutter (AFL) post device implantation. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in Department of Cardiac-Surgery, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy from June 2014-September 2016. Rhythm monitoring and registration were collected from 16 patients (13 males; 45±13years) during the first five (05) days after implantation. To assess late post-operative rhythm, patient’s hospital electronic records were used as well asfunctional hemodynamic parameters including mean arterial pressure(MAP), right atrial pressure(RAP), heart rate(HR) and ST-deviation(d-ST). Results: Ventricular arrhythmia (n=9), atrial fibrillation (n=5) or atrial flutter (n=2) episodes were preoperatively present in 11 patients. Postoperatively, 5 patients developed either VT (n=2), AF (n=1) or both VT/AF (n=2) during a follow-up of 18±14 months. Prior to postoperative VT (POVT) episodes (n=123), MAP decreased, HR, d-ST increased and RAP remained unaltered. POVT were initiated either by single VEBS (28%), V-couplets (15%), V-run (46%) or occurred suddenly (11%). Conclusions: Ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias are common after device implantation. The frequency of sustained VTA was less at early phase as compared to late postoperative phase.
Currently diabetes mellitus is worldwide issue and challenges for diabetes community for healthy life. An effort is made to develop the idea of getting a fully automated artificial pancreas. The artificial pancreas is a developing technology to help patients with diabetes of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) to control automatically their blood glucose level by making available the alternative endocrine functionality of a healthy pancreas. The concept of controllability and observability for the linearized control system of human glucose insulin system is used so that we can have a feedback control for artificial pancreas. For the purpose of automatic artificial pancreas in the glucose regulatory system, we consider the Glucose Insulin (GI) Systems and Glucose Insulin Glucagon (GIG) systems. These models includes Augmented Meal Model (AMM), Reduced Meal Model (RMM), fractional order glucose insulin system, a composite model of Glucagon-Glucose Dynamics Model and Sorenson model being comprehensive model for Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). These models can be used to simulate a glucose insulin system for the treatment of T1DM. The Lyapunov Equation is used to check the stability analysis of the model. A fractional-order time derivatives model is presented for comprehensive glucose insulin regulatory model. A fractional-order state observer is designed for approximating the structure of a blood glucose-insulin with glucose rate disorder to show the complete dynamics of the glucose-insulin system with the fractional-order at α ∈ (0 < a < 1]. The developed method provides the observer estimation algorithm for a glucose-insulin system with unknown time-varying glucose rate disturbance. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate our proposed results and show the nonlinear fractional-order glucose-insulin systems are at least stable as their integer-order counterpart in the existence of exogenous glucose infusion or meal disturbance. Controllability and observability of the linearized model are calculated under two different cases,for case 1 insulin is taken as an input and case 2, insulin and glucagon are taken as an input for the system. This played an important role in the development of fully automatic artificial pancreas by stabilizing the control loop system for the glucose-insulin glucagon pump. Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is designed for an artificial pancreas by using the transfer function. According to the desire value, the algorithm of an artificial pancreas measures the glucose level in the blood of a patient by using glucose sensor that sends a signal to an insulin glucagon pump to adjust the basal insulin. A closed-loop system is tested in simulink environment and simulation results show the performance of the designed controller. We convert the Sorenson model to Sorenson model type 1 diabetes mellitus because this is the most comprehensive model in the Glucose Insulin Glucagon dynamics for human. This may play an important role in the development of fully automatic artificial pancreas and stabilize the control loop system for the Glucose Insulin Glucagon pump. It would be helpful for type 1 diabetic patients to control their diseases. The thesis is also review the state of art in hypoglycemia prevention and detection technique in the closed-loop artificial pancreas. Hypoglycemia is the major adverse effect of insulin therapy and therefore minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia, by applying different control and detection techniques is often considered in the development of artificial pancreas.