The overall purpose of this study was to examine how rural and urban Higher Secondary School differs in their performance and what role they were playing in the education system of Sindh. The scope of the study was limited to the Public Higher Secondary Schools province of Sindh only. The population of the study consisted of Principals of Public Higher Secondary Schools in rural and urban Sindh. The final sample consisted of 70 Principals, 30 from rural and 40 from urban Public Higher Secondary Schools of Sindh. Study reviewed research information on some major aspects of Public Higher Secondary Schools in rural and urban Sindh, its role in education system including its effectiveness, discipline, performance and examination results. So the researcher had presented the background of the problem and introduced the impact of the problem on present education system. Assumptions as well as hypothesis were formulated. Education system of Pakistan and other countries were explained in the study. Education policies, in accordance with Higher Secondary Schools and rural- urban disparity in access to education in Sindh also discussed. The affects of Principals, teachers and students on the performance of higher secondary schools were also observed. Questionnaire was developed for collection of data by using pre-test and post-test method. Statistical analysis of data collected was done. All the five hypotheses were tested using frequency, percent, valid percent and cummulative percent. Findings of research were also discussed. Recommendations were prepared to highlight and enhance the role of public higher secondary schools of rural and urban Sindh, in education. It was expected that this work will help research scholars and relevant educationists for further research. The government officials may also utilize this work in overcoming the problems in Public Higher Secondary Schools and improve its performance.