Patterns of Deranged Lipid Profiles in Patients of Chronic Hepatitis C Deranged lipid profile in hepatitis C patients

Liver plays an important role in lipid metabolism and any acute or chronic malfunction of the liver due to viral hepatitis or liver cirrhosis may induce lipid derangements Objective: To determine the patterns of deranged lipid profiles in patients of chronic hepatitis C Methods: It is a prospective, observational study, conducted at Medicine Department, Mayo Hospital Lahore for 6 months i.e.1stJanuary to 30th June 2018. After the ethical approval, 160 diagnosed cases of chronic hepatitis C of ages 18-70 years of either gender were selected by non-probability purposive sampling. Informed written consent was taken. Demographic information such as name, age and gender were recorded. Venous blood samples from patients after 10 to 14 hours of fasting were drawn for lipid profiles and sent to pathology laboratory. All results were expressed as mg/dl. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 22 Results: Out of 160 patients in this study, there were 94 males and 66 females. Total cholesterol was lower in 62.5% patients, normal in 33.75% patients and higher in 3.75% patients. Triglycerides levels were low in 66.25%, normal in 33.125%, and high in 0.625% patients. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were low in 82.5% patients, normal in 10% and raised in 7.5% patients. High density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were low in 95%, normal in 4.375% & high in 0.625% patients Conclusions: Low levels of serum lipids including total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL are seen in population suffering from chronic HCV infection.

Institutional and Familial Perspectives and Level of Parents’ Involvement in Their Children’S Education in Public Schools of Kech, Balochistan

The aim of this study was to explore the perspective and level of parents’ involvement in education of their children, who are studying in primary level of four public schools of District Kech Balochistan. The head teachers, teachers and parents’ perceptions were explored about their understanding of parental involvement and their level of involvement. The study followed a case study design. Data were gathered through interviews and focused group discussion of the participants head teachers, teachers and mothers. Four head teachers, four focused group of teachers and six parents were the sample from four public school. The findings of the data show that head teachers, teachers and parents had no clear understanding of the policy structure of parental involvement and there is no parent teacher body or association in the schools. It was also found that parents and principals were not working closely and parents were not encouraged to be actively involved in school activities. It was found that parents, head teachers and teachers thought that parental support at home is enough for parents’ involvement in their children’s education. It was also revealed that parents who are literate were more involved in their children education as compared to those who were illiterate. Moreover, it was also found that parents who are financially weak are more engaged in earning their livelihood and less involved in their children’s education. Thus, the finding of the research will be helpful for the school leaders who are engaged in managing school. This study recommends that school leaders encourage parents to become involve in their children’s education within the school. This involvement helps to develop positive partnership between parents, teachers and school.