The objective of this study is to investigate the macroeconomic performance indicators and sectors in various regimes. The existing work contrasts from the previous research as in it investigates not just the growth distribution of agricultural sector, industrial sector, services sector and Gross Domestic Product pattern in various political administrations, additionally estimates these development and growth rates in Pakistan. The main contribution of this study is to empirically estimate the impact of different political regimes on the macroeconomic performance indicators and sectors for the year 1950 to 2010 employing Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag, Johansen CoIntegration and Error Correction Model techniques. After examining macroeconomic performance Pakistan, under alternative political setup that is dictatorship and democracy, it is concluded that the type of associations between an alternative political setup that is dictatorship and democracy and economic development and growth resists the finding established that both political setups promote the economic growth and development of Pakistan. Under interesting conditions of Pakistan, the connection between economic development and growth and the democratic system is ambiguous and inexplicit. Pakistan’s economic growth and development have been better with tyrannical political administrations than democracy and the causative association amongst democratic system and economic aspects, as laid out by Huntington, can''t be shown on account of Pakistan. The economic development and growth are prominent in the entire periods of despotism with a high rate of growth of per capita GDP. As well as the divisions that contribute to the Gross Domestic Product likewise develop with high rate is a dictatorship. Keeping all these proofs and evidence in mind, it cannot be forecasted that democracy or dictatorship is beneficial for Pakistan. It is generally perceived that the long span of the political regime and international shock can contribute better economic growth. It is concluded that politics does matter, however, "regimes" don''t catch the suitable differences. Politics matter rather than the type of government system. Therefore high economic growth in Pakistan can achieve through implementing the stable and consistent political regime.
ڈینگی مکاؤ مہم میں معاشرے کا کردار ڈینگی بخار ہے جو چند ماہ سے پاکستان کے عوام کے لیے خوف کی علامت بنا ہوا ہے۔ یہ بخار 1775 میں افریقہ، شمالی امریکہ اور ایشیاء میں پراسرار طور پر نمودار ہوا، اس بخار کا سبب مادہ مچھر ہوتی ہے جو کاٹتی ہے تو بخار ہو جاتاہے۔ اس بخار کے پیراسائیٹس کو پلازموڈیم کہتے ہیں۔ یہ مادہ مچھر ایک اعلیٰ ترین نسل سے منسوب کی جاتی ہے جو گندے پانی وغیرہ کو پسندنہیں کرتی بلکہ خوشنما سرسبز پھولوں ، پھلوں والے پودوں اور درختوں پرڈیرہ جماتی ہے۔ ڈینگی بخار ایک مرض ہے، جس طرح دیگر امراض سے انسان کو واسطہ پڑتا ہے اسی طرح یہ مرض بھی اپنے خونخوار پنجوں میں جکڑنے کی بھر پور کوشش کرتا ہے۔ لیکن کوئی مرض ایسا نہیں ہے کہ جس کا علاج موجود نہ ہو۔ حدیث نبوی صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلمہے کہ کوئی مرض ایسانہیں ہے جس کا علاج نہ ہو، یعنی تمام مرض علاج سے ختم ہوجاتے ہیں۔ جب ایک ذی شعور انسان اس قسم کے حوالہ جات اپنے دماغ کے آنگن میں رکھتا ہے تو وہ ان عوارضات سے کبھی متاثر نہیں ہوتا وہ علاج کرتا ہے اور مسلمان ہونے کے ناطے بالخصوص اور انسان ہونے کے ناطے بالعموم شفاء من جانب اللہ کا تصور چاہتا ہے۔ اپنے اس اعتقاد کی بدولت کہ موت کا ایک دن مقرر ہے وہ اس بخار کے خوف کو اپنے نہاںخانۂ دل میں کوئی جگہ نہیں دیتا۔ اس بخار کے خاتمے میں اس قسم کے اعتقادات اور تصورات بڑی اہمیت کے حامل گردانے جاتے ہیں۔ اور یوں نفسیاتی طور پر اس سے متاثر مریض صحت یاب ہونا شروع ہو جا تا ہے۔ ڈینگی بخار کے خاتمے کے لیے معاشرتی طور پر ایک اہم رول ادا کرنے کی ضرورت ہے۔ واعظ ممبر رسول صلی...
Holy Quran is the most sacred scripture bestowed by Allah Almighty upon his bellowed prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Unlike other scriptures, Allah Almighty himself took the responsibility of safety and safe custody of the Holy Quran. That is why, despite passage of more than 1400 years, the Holy Quran remained intact, wordwise as well as meaningwise and will remain intact till the end of the world. Such a unique status of the Holy Quran could not be tolerated by the enemies of Islam and Prophet of Islam. Therefore, they decided to present Holy Quran as a defective document before its readers. For this purpose, they chose to highlight and exploit the short and abbreviated incidents, described by the Holy Quran, under the term of “Muthashalihat”, by adding and narrating false, nonsense and most astonishing stories, just to divert attention of the readers from the basic learning of Holy Quran, towards un-realistic and bogus stories. Accordingly majority of the readers have shown great interest in these stories, which fall under the title of Israiliat Unfortunately, the said stories are included in dozens of Translations Tafaseer of the Holy Quran. In order to acquaint readers of the actual status of Israiliat, the undersigned has started working on the subject. Since Tafseer-e-Jalalain is included in the Syllabus of Maddaris and being taught for the last many years, therefore, I have chosen the same in the first instance, and pray Allah Almighty to help me out in completing my assignment.
New methods for the liquefaction of Biomass were investigated and explored. These methods are based on the heat produced by microwave metal interaction. It utilizes microwave energy for the decomposition of biomass. The metal acts as antenna as well as heat generating medium. In this work three metals were used as the antenna. These are iron, copper and aluminium. The effect of the shape of antenna on the yield and efficiency of the process were investigated. Biomass was pyrolysed in all these antennas containing reactors in the microwave oven. These reactions were carried out both in the presence and absence of catalyst. Three types of catalysts i.e. Cement, kaolin and clinkered were used. These catalysts were intended to increase the yield and facilitate the pyrolysis process. The use of these catalysts also reduces consumption of energy. Each of the catalyst was used in different metal antenna in separate experiments. The amount of each of catalyst was optimized in the range of 1:1-1:10 ratio for obtaining maximum yield and conversion. The results for the process were found according to the predictions. In each case biomass was converted into aqueous and oily liquids, gases and char like residue by the microwave metal interaction pyrolysis. The volatile products were collected in cold traps while the amount of gases was determined by difference. The oily product of the pyrolysis was analysed using GC/MS and some chemical tests. It was observed that the nature of active species of the pyrolysis determines the nature of products and these itself depends upon the microwave flux and heat generated in addition to the activity of catalyst as well as catalytic activity of the metals.