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A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Pakistani Learner Writing

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Aziz, Maimoona Abdul

Program

PhD

Institute

Government College University

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Linguistics and Literature

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10855/1/Maimoona%20Abdul%20Aziz_App%20Ling_2019_GCU%28F%29_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724421236

Similar


Learner writing has been an object of key interest to researchers since long and much research has been carried out in this regard using a vast array of methodologies. Previous research on Pakistani learner English is not only limited in its scope, but has shortcomings regarding the employed methodologies, since they are mostly highly subjective and unreliable. On the other hand, a few researches are backed up with quantitative evidence as they focus on the use and frequency of individual linguistic features. Comparative studies made in this regard mostly focus on comparing Pakistani learner data with that of native speakers in order to demonstrate inadequacies in Pakistani learners’ use of English language. However, the comparisons are not only insufficient, but also fall short of a sound theoretical basis. The advent of Biber’s multi dimensional analysis approach brought with it a holistic view of language evaluation, demonstrating how patterns of co-occurring linguistic features work together to perform different functions in language. The approach triangulates quantitative analyses employing statistical techniques with qualitative interpretation of language functionality. The present study aims at presenting comparative analyses of Pakistani learner writing against other varieties of World Englishes on the basis of this approach. The purpose of this study is to explore variation that lies between Pakistani English and three main varieties of World Englishes; ENL, ESL, and EFL, in terms of learner writing. The comparisons are made on five dimensions of 88 multi-dimensional analysis and three new dimensions of variability specific to learner argumentative writing. Finally, statistical evidence suggests that there is significant variation between the four population groups. The findings have been discussed in the light of respective co-occurring linguistic features of each dimension, with reference to previous research work on Pakistani learner writing.
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مایوسی گناہ ہے

مایوسی گناہ ہے
اللہ تعالیٰ نے انسان کو اشرف المخلوقات بنایا اور پھر اس کے سر پر عظمت کا تاج سجایا۔ اس کو دیگر مخلوقات پر فوقیت دی، اس کی عظمت کا راز اس کی عقل سلیم میں رکھا کیونکہ دیگر مخلوقات میں شرف و بزرگی کا عنقاء عدم عقل و خرد ہے، اور پھر اُس کوصحیح اور غلط کی پہچان نصیب فرمائی۔ اور اُس کی رفعت کے حصول کے لیے کوشش کومحمودگردانا۔
ارشاد ِباری تعالیٰ ہے کہ ’’انسان کے لیے وہی کچھ ہے جس کے لیے وہ کوشش کرے۔‘‘
اگر ہاتھ پر ہاتھ دھرے بیٹھار ہے اور تگ و دو اور شبانہ روز کوشش سے دست کش ہو جائے مایوسی کے ظلمت کدہ کا مکیں بن جائے ، نا امیدی کے عفریت کے جبڑوں میں پھنس جائے تو پھر بلیّات و مصائب کے مہیّب سائے تو اُس کے آنگن میں آ سکتے ہیں ، خوش بختی اور خوش نصیبی کے آفتاب کی کرنوں سے اس کا گھر محروم رہے گا۔
مایوسی و یسے گناہ ہے۔ نا امیدی کے سائے کے نیچے پروان چڑھنے والا پودا کبھی شجر سایہ دار نہیں بن سکتا۔ نا امیدی کے گلستان میں کھلنے والے گلہائے رنگا رنگ خوشبو کی راحت افزاء مہک سے عاری ہوتے ہیں ، مایوسی کے خار ہائے نوک دار پر پاپیادہ شخص آبلہ پائی کا شکار ہوسکتا ہے ہریرو پرنیاں اور مخمل کا احساس اُس سے کوسوں دور ہوتا ہے۔
قرآنِ پاک میں ارشادِ باری تعالیٰ ہے کہ ’’ لا تقنطو من رحمۃ اللہ‘‘اللہ تعالیٰ کی رحمت سے نا امید مت ہوں ۔ بحثیت مسلمان تو نا امیدی ویسے بھی گناہ اور حرام ہے۔ انسان جب امید سے اپنے دامن کو پر رکھتا ہے تو مسرتیں اور راحتیں اس کے دروازے پر دستک دیتی رہتی ہیں۔ اور امید ہی کی کرن اس کو حیات نوبخشتی ہے۔
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Contemporary Curriculum Design for Higher Education: An Islamic Appraisal

Education is a key to developing positivity in human beings. It helps to become a good citizen. In Islam, education has a central role that every Muslim must seek. Islamic education is centered on the teaching of the Quran and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). The Quran is revealed in Arabic, therefore sources of the teachings of Islam are in Arabic. It is the religious duty of the Muslim Ummah to learn Arabic and have command in it. The Quran is the only Book that provides complete guidance to humanity, whether the matters related to social life, economic matters, political issues, or religious life. Keeping this in view, the curriculum should also be prepared in the light of the teachings of the Quran and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Focusing on the contemporary curriculum design for Islamic studies for higher education, this paper describes the missing material in the existing curriculum and suggests that the use of modern resources, arranging conferences, and an expansive transformative framework for Islamic studies are the key tools for its implementation. It stresses the curricular designers to approach the existing curriculum more comprehensively which covers Islamic Law, comparative studies, contemporary trends in world traditions, peace dialogue, and practical involvement of students too. This goal can be gained through amendments or revising the existing curriculum. The outcome of it will results in students' critical thinking, positivity, comprehensive knowledge, language proficiency, and character building.

Isolation and Characterization of Biologically Active Compounds from Selected Medicinal Plants

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