Home > A Spirituality Based Model of Personality Assessment for Managers in Relation to Job Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Paranoia and the Moderating Role of Workplace Spirituality.
A Spirituality Based Model of Personality Assessment for Managers in Relation to Job Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Paranoia and the Moderating Role of Workplace Spirituality.
Personality is a very broad and complex phenomenon which has been vastly studied in different domains from diverse perspectives and there is no single perspective where all researchers have a consensus. There are many personality related traits, attitudes and behaviors of organizational concern, but in case of personality, the models are again mainly borrowed from psychology. The major limitation of the models is that they measure the personality in bits and pieces rather than taking a holistic view. Here we need a basic or ontological dimension to take an integrated view of personality. Spirituality as per many scholars is an ontological dimension of personality. The researchers in psychology in general and in management sciences in specific are now giving attention to the subject. The individual as well as the workplace spirituality are very well researched topics now a days. The current study has focused on the exploration of spirituality as a pivotal phenomenon in assessing human personality through its psychometric capabilities. So spirituality can be a phenomenon where the personality can be gauged holistically as personality traits, attitudes and behavioral outcomes can be predicted through it. This will help the organizations to select, develop and retain appropriate employees in a more meaningful way. The theory suggested that the spirituality can be gauged from low to high with different attitudinal, behavioral and transcendental consequences. After extensive literature review of spirituality across different religions especially incorporating the eastern philosophy, which was missing part in current management science literature, a theory and a definition of spirituality was established which was further used as a basis to develop a scale. For this very purpose, in the first study a tool was developed keeping in view the definition of spirituality, and then its validity as well as the reliability were tested. Furthermore to authenticate the validity of the spiritual phenomenon and its psychometric capabilities, the instrument was tested with certain variables related to employees’ personality. In this regard the variables taken constituted an attitude that is Job Satisfaction, a behavior that is OCB and a personality disorder that is Paranoia. To test the role of WPS in nurturing the spirituality at employee level, it was taken as a moderator in the research model. In the first study, the items were collected from multiple sources and an exhaustive list was developed and then by using grounded theory approach the a list of 30 finalized items was developed. Further the instrument was pilot tested on a sample of 100 students and then it was finally tested on a sample of 430 individuals. After reliability analysis the items with unacceptable loadings were eliminated and the list was reduced to 18 items. In the second study, a sample of 600 respondents was selected from 30 cross sectoral organizations. Out of the sample 530 were useful having no missing values. To analyze the data correlation, regression, and SEM techniques were used. The results supported all the hypothesis in general and hence the findings suggested that the low vs. high spirituality have their respective implications, such as employees with high spirituality are more satisfied, high in exhibiting OCB and were less paranoid. Workplace spirituality also moderated the relation between IV and DVs. Furthermore the study has multiple contributions for literature as very fruitful implications for the practitioners while selecting, retaining employees and enhancing their performance.
نامی کوئی بغیر مشقت نہیں ہوا شہرت ، ناموری ، سروری یہ ایسے حروف ہیں جس کا ہرشخص خواہاں رہتا ہے۔ جیسے ہی شباب کی کلیاں چٹخناشروع ہو جاتی ہیں ناموری کی آرزو انگڑائیاں لیناشروع کر دیتی ہے۔ اور پھر بتدریج اس میں اضافہ ہوتا جاتا ہے۔ لیکن نامور بننے اور شہرت وعروج کے منصب پر فائز ہونے کے لیے سخت محنت اور مشقت کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔ اس کے لیے راتوں کو دن بنانا ہوتا ہے، وقت کی قربانی دینی پڑتی ہے، جہد مسلسل کا عادی بننا ہوتا ہے۔ حصول عظمت کی خاطر سخت جدوجہد انتہائی ناگزیر ہے۔ دنیا و مافیھا میں ہر ذوی العقول خواہ وہ گورا ہو، پست قد ہو، طویل القامت ہو، دبلا پتلا ہو یالحیم شحیم ہو، یہودی ہو، نصرانی ہو یا آتش پرست ہو، الغرض جس مسلک یا مشرب سے منسلک ہو اس بات کا وہ ضرور معترف کہ اگر کوئی عظمت، آن بان اور تفوق کے سہرے سے اپنے آپ کو سجانا چاہتا ہے تو وہ صرف اور صرف محنت اور مشقّت سے ہی ایسا کر سکتا ہے۔ فرمانِ باری تعالیٰ ہے’’ انسان کے لیے وہی کچھ ہے جس کے لیے وہ کوشش کرتا ہے اور محنت کرتا ہے‘‘ بنی نوع انسان کی تاریخ کے اوراق کا اگر مطالعہ کریں اور بسلسلہ مشاہدہ چشم بینا وا کر یں تو یہ بات اظہر من الشمس ہے کہ جن سلف صالحین اور نابغۂ روزگار ہستیوں نے نام پیدا کیا وہ شب و روز محنت اور مشقت کی چکی میں پستی رہیں۔ علامہ اقبالؒ ، غزالی ، رازی نفیسی جیسے زعماء جو آسمان علم و دانش پر آفتاب و ماہتاب بن کر چمکے۔ یہ سب ان کی محنت لگن، کاوش اور انتھک جدوجہد کا نتیجہ تھا۔ محنت شاقہ اور جذبہ صادق ہوتو کہساروں سے بھی جوئے شیر نکالی جاسکتی ہے۔ نامی کوئی...
Coronaviruses are a huge family of viruses that originate disease extending from the common cold to further fatal maladies. Objective: The study was conducted to determine the gender based differences in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Study included total 150 participants visiting Department of Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Data were collected through self-structured questionnaire using non-probability convenient sampling. Prior written informed consents were taken from the participants. Ethical approval was taken fromThe University of Lahore, Lahore. Data were analyzed through SPSS version 25.0. Results: Results showed that among the comorbidities hypertension was most common in COVID-19 patients followed by diabetes mellitus, especially in females. Whereas renal disorders and asthma were most reported in males. Analysis revealed that there was a significant association (p=0.001) between disease severity and gender. Conclusion: Study concluded that there was significant association between gender and disease severity.
Trace rare gas optical emission spectroscopy (TRG-OES) is carried out to investigate the excitation temperature, relative densities of active species (N, N2+) and nitrogen dissociation in inductively coupled helium admixed nitrogen plasma for different rf power (50, 100, 150 W), pressure (0.2 – 0.5 mbar) and helium percentage (10-90 %) using Ar as an actinometer (4 %). The excitation temperature is obtained from Boltzmann plot method using emission intensity of several argon lines. The dissociation of nitrogen has been investigated by both the actinometry method and the ratio of the atomic nitrogen line emission intensity at (746.83 nm) to the vibrational band (0-0) of the N2 second positive system at 337.1 nm. The excitation temperature increases with the increase in power and helium percentage and decreases with increase in fill pressure. The nitrogen dissociation as well as the relative densities of [ ] and [ ] increases with the increase in helium percentage. Optical emission spectroscopy and Langmuir probe are used to diagnose the low pressure inductively coupled Ar-N2 plasmas for different discharge parameters such as rf power (10-100W), filling pressure (0.02-0.4 mbar) and argon content (5-95%) in nitrogen discharge. Both diagnostic tools are used to obtain the plasma parameters including the excitation temperature, the density of active species in ground electronic state, dissociation fraction, electron temperature, electron number density and electron energy probability functions (EEPFs) in Ar-N2 plasmas. It is noticed that the actinometry is an efficient and reliable technique to calculate the densities of nitrogen species. It is also observed that the active species generation, dissociation fraction and electron temperature significantly depend on discharge parameters and may be used to optimize the plasma reactor. Mixture of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are treated for different treatment time (0-120min) at optimum discharge conditions. Changes induced in the elemental composition, surface morphology, crystallographic structure, and structural disorder in the plasma irradiated CNTs are analyzed by EDX, FTIR, SEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Ar-N2 mixture plasma treatment of CNTs leads to significantly increase the electrical conductivity, modify the microstructure and induce structural disorder and a transition of crystalline phase from well crystalline to an amorphous structure.