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A Study of Quality Management Practices at Teacher Education Institutions in Pakistan

Thesis Info

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Author

Dilshad, Muhammad

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2009

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1426

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724438127

Similar


This study was designed to explore the quality management practices at the teacher education institutions in Pakistan. The study was delimited to the Departments of Education/ Institutes of Education and Research of public sector universities in Pakistan. All the teachers including heads of the Departments/Institutes of Education at public universities of Pakistan formed the population of the study. Since the number of teacher educators was limited, all the population was taken as sample for questionnaire survey. The required data was collected by administering two questionnaires i.e. Teachers’ Questionnaire and Experts’ Questionnaire, and conducting interviews of QEC heads and HODs. Teachers’ Questionnaire, which contained two scales, was meant for investigating the perceptions of teacher educators of 19 public universities about current practices of quality management in their respective institutions and identifying the important components of quality in teacher education. The Quality Management Practices Scale (QMPS) consisted of 75 statements on five-point Liker scale relating to nine subscales: top management commitment, leadership, human resource management, benchmarking, processes, stakeholder focus, physical and academic resources, partnership and linkages, and information and analysis. In the Quality Management Components Scale (QMCS), teacher educators were requested to identify on four-point scale the relative importance of 30 items for managing quality at teacher education departments/institutes of public universities. The return rate of Teachers’ Questionnaire was 70.72%. The Cronbach Alpha values for the QMP Scale and QMC Scale were 0.859 and 0.885 respectively, which showed high reliability of the scales. The Experts’ Questionnaire was used for validation of the Draft Quality Management Model developed by the researcher. In this questionnaire, experts werexvii asked five open ended questions pertaining to following aspects of the proposed model: simplicity and comprehensiveness, viability, deficiency, relevance with Pakistani context, and its attraction for the relevant organizations. The return rate of Experts’ Questionnaire was 63.33%. The Interview Schedule included five open- ended questions covering following aspects: use of quality assurance/ quality management model, implementation of the HEC guidelines for quality assurance, major initiatives taken for quality improvement, effectiveness of quality assurance initiatives, and major problems affecting quality of academic programmes. The data collected through Teachers’ Questionnaire was analyzed by using frequency distribution, calculating mean response scores and applying chi-square test, whereas information collected through interviews and experts’ questionnaire were analyzed qualitatively. It was concluded that low to moderate level quality management practices existed at teacher education institutions included in the study. A sizable number of teacher educators were not satisfied with the present state of quality management at their institutions. Comparatively, the most favourable views were given from the respondents about the subscale “human resource management” whereas teachers were least satisfied with the “benchmarking” aspect of quality management at their institutions. There was no significant difference between the perceptions of male and female teachers for majority items of the QMP Scale. On various aspects of quality management, old institutions appeared to be slightly stronger than newly established teacher training organizations, and other teacher education institutions were relatively better as compared to University of Education. Out of 30 elements rated by teachers, the components that received ‘most important’ rating by the majority of respondents included “top management commitment to quality”, “establishing academicxviii standards/ performance indicators”, “teachers'' satisfaction with working conditions”, “teachers'' professional development”, and “long-term planning”. The findings of interviews of QEC heads and HODs revealed that universities including Departments of Education/ IERs were following Quality Assurance Framework suggested by the Higher Education Commission. Major initiatives taken by Education Departments/ IERs included outlining the missions and visions of the departments and the academic programmes; following admission criteria suggested by HEC; revision of curricula of teacher education programmes; obtaining feedback from the important stakeholders about the effectiveness of teaching and academic courses; self-assessment of academic programmes; documentation of self-assessment results; analysis of self- assessment data; and preparation for accrediting teacher education programmes. For implementing and improving the quality related initiatives, it was suggested that a Quality Steering Committee should be constituted at all the teacher education institutions of public universities. It was further recommended that the proposed quality management model (attached in Appendix VI) may be implemented by the university Departments of Education/ IERs to improve quality of academic programmes and institutional management.
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منقبت در شانِ مخدوم علی ہجویری داتا گنج بخشؒ

منقبت درِ شانِ مخدوم علی ہجویری داتا گنج بخشؒ

عالم عرفان کے ماتھے کا جھومر آپ ہیں
اس جہاں میں بحر وحدت کے شناور آپ ہیں

ناز جن پہ ہر زماں کرتی ہے بندہ پروری
خواجۂ ہجویر ایسے بندہ پرور آپ ہیں

مخزنِ اسرارِ حق ہیں اور سّرِ عارفاں
اولیا و اصفیا کے گویا رہبر آپ ہیں

بادشاہی ہر دو عالم میں برابر جن کی ہے
ایسے دارا آپ ہیں ، ایسے سکندر آپ ہیں

جن کے لطف و فیض کا تائبؔ نہیں حد و حساب
ایسے بحر بے کراں ایسے سمندر آپ ہیں

روایاتِ اسباب النزول کے تفسیری ادب پر اثرات کا جائزہ

Sabab al-Nuzūl (cause of revelation) in Qur'anic studies means the time, context, cause, and the situation in which Allah has revealed verses. Cause of revelation has an important role in the interpretation of Qur’ān. Nevertheless, most of the verses and suras of Qur’ān are revealed independent of events, these verses are revealed to fulfill the general aim of Waḥī which is the guidance of people. Such knowledge is an invaluable tool for grasping the meaning of this type of Qur’ānic verse. Many Muslim scholars consider the studying of Asbāb alNuzūl and their related discussions as necessary. Some exegetes have written books studying the subject. The earliest and the most important work in this genre is undoubtedly Kitab Asbāb al-Nuzūl (Book of Occasions of Revelation) of ‘Alī bin Aḥmad al-Wāḥidī (d. 1075 CE). Another important work is by al-Suyūṭī (d. 1505 CE) which is a slight improvement of al-Wāḥidī’s book. In this paper descriptive method and comparative study are used to analysis traditions of revelation and their effects on Tafsīr literature. This paper proves the value of the causes of revelation in Qur’ānic Interptation and their effects on Tafsīr Literature, so that verification and authencity of traditions of causes of revelation are mandatory for Tafsīr.

A Comparative Analsis of the Effect of Working Capital Management on the Profitability of Small and Large Companies Listed at Karachi Stock Exchange

Working Capital Management has an overriding impact on a firm’s profit performance. However, the profitability of large firms, unlike small ones, might show a different degree of sensitivity to the efficient management of working capital. Presumably small firms and large firms are different from each other in that working capital management may affect more (or less) the profitability of one or the other. One wonders as to which type of firms (small or large) exhibit more escalation in their profitability as a result of a decent management of their working capital. Exploring the answer to this query is the basic aim of this research dissertation. To do that, effect of working capital management was determined on the profitability of the two forms of organizations separately and then the results so derived were compared in order to determine the difference in the possible effect of WCM on profitability of the two organization types, if any. To serve the purpose, two distinct samples were made, one having all the SME’s listed in the Karachi Stock Exchange and the other including the largest non-financial firms of the country listed in KSE, the data of which was available. Related data was gathered for firms in both samples for a period of six years from 2003 to 2008. All the relevant and the required financial information was acquired from an official document titled, “Balance Sheet Analysis of Joint Stock Companies Listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange --- (2003-2008)”, formally published by the Statistics and DWH Department of the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP). This document contained the Balance Sheet analysis of all the non-financial firms listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange as at June 30, 2008. Hence the research was entirely based on the Secondary data. It should be stated that the financial corporations like Banking Companies, Insurance Companies, Leasing Companies and Modarabas etc. were not included in this study. A total of 40 (out of 93) small firms were included in the first sample (known as Sample 1) for six years which led to 240 firm-year observations. Similarly, 103 (out of 343) large companies were incorporated in the second sample (known as Sample 2) for six consecutive years leading to 618 firm-year observations. Working Capital Management was measured by the Cash Conversion Cycle. As for the measurement of profitability, two variables were used; the Return on Assets and the Operating Profit to Sales. The Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation and the Linear Regression Analysis were used to examine the relationship between the Cash Conversion Cycle and that of the profitability variables. The correlation analyses were separately made for all the firms included in the two samples individually and then for the pooled data of each sample collectively so as to make a clear comparison. As for the Regression, two separate analyses were made, one detecting the influence of working capital management on the Return on Assets, and the other finding out the impact of WCM on the Operating Profit to Sales for both the samples. Results of the individual Correlation analysis for the two samples did not present a clear picture of whether the indicators of WCM had more, or less, influence on the profitability of small, or large, firms or vice versa. However, a comparison of the results of the Pooled Correlation analysis of the two samples suggested that the indicators of working capital management had a more visible impact on the profitability of firms of relatively larger size. In the first Regression analysis (called the Regression Analysis ‘A’), no significant associations were detected between the indicators of WCM and the Return on Assets for Sample 1. As for Sample 2, one of the WCM indicators, however, was found to be negatively and significantly related with the Return on Assets. The Regression analysis ‘B’, nonetheless, brought very clear demarcation between the effects of WCM on the profitability (Operating Profit to Sales) of the two samples. On the one hand, a very few significant relationships were found between the indicators of WCM and the profitability for Sample 1. And in contrast, the pooled data of Sample 2 displayed highly significant relationships of Operating Profit to Sales with all the indicators of working capital management including the Inventory Conversion Period, Receivable Collection Period, Payable Deferral Period and the Cash Conversion Cycle. This is a clear indication of the fact that the efficiency of managing working capital has more constructive effect on the profitability of larger firms. Hence, it is suggested for the managers of large-sized corporations to redouble their thought on the effective and vigilant management of their working capital so as to invigorate profitability.