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A Study of Students’ Alternative Conceptions of Selected Science Concepts and the Effectiveness of Related Instructional Strategies

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Ijaz Ahmad

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2008

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1513

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724440454

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The alternative conceptions of students are very important in determining the nature of science education in our schools. The purpose of this study was to investigate the alternative conceptions of students about “Energy”, “Living”, and “Chemical Change” and to assess the effectiveness of instructional strategies for changing students’ conceptions. During first phase of the study alternative conceptions of 267 students of 6th, 8th, and 10th classes from four Government high schools of Quetta were investigated through Interview about Instances (IAI) approach. The information about socioeconomic background, age and family of the sample students were also collected during the interview. The alternative conceptions of the sample students about ‘energy’, ‘living’, and ‘chemical change’ were found to be similar to alternative conceptions held by students of different nationalities / regions as reported in international research literature. The socio economic background of students did not appear to have any relation with their alternative conceptions. Similarly, no significant differences were found in the alternative conceptions of the students of different ages or classes. In the second phase, a two-tier conceptual-diagnostic “paper and pencil” test in Urdu language was developed to assess the alternative conceptions of students about the selected science concepts. This test was later used as posttest. Third phase of the study assessed the effectiveness of proposed instructional strategies. Sixteen (16) science teachers of two experimental schools were given training about instructional strategies in a training workshop. The science teachers of experimental and control group schools taught the related chapters of the textbooks in their respective classes. 25% students of class 9 of the experimental and control group schools were given the posttest. It was found that the alternative conceptions of the experimental group students about Energy, Living, and Chemical Change, were similar to the alternative conceptions of the control group students. The hypothesis that alternative conceptions of experimental group students were closer to scientists’ concepts, than those of control group students, was not proven. The findings of this study have significant implications for investigating the alternative conceptions of science teachers about teaching and learning; approaches to teaching; and the classroom instructional practices. The findings call for developing and using diagnostic techniques to elicit students’ alternative conceptions and for developing a repertoire of context based effective instructional strategies. It was recommended that science teachers should be involved in impact assessment process of their professional development activities and be encouraged to improve their instructional approaches to achieve desired conceptual changes among their students.
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سیدسجاد حیدر یلدرم

سید سجاد حیدریلدرم مرحوم
۱۲؍ اپریل ۱۹۴۳؁ء کی رات کو سید سجاد حیدر مرحوم نے جو ادب کی دنیا میں یلدرم کے نام سے مشہور تھے، قلب کے عارضہ سے دفعتہ وفات پائی، یہ علی گڑھ کالج کے پرانے تعلیم یافتوں میں اور اسی تعلق سے کالج کے ان چند طالب علموں میں تھے جنہوں نے مولانا شبلی مرحوم کے درس اور صحبت سے شعر و ادب کا ذوق حاصل کیا تھا، مرحوم مولانا کے درس کے اس قسم کے واقعات کو مزے لے لے کر بیان کیا کرتے تھے، ان کا اصل وطن نہٹور (یوپی) میں تھا، ۱۹۰۱؁ء میں بی، اے کی سند پاکر تعلیم سے فراغت پائی۔
ہماری زبان میں اس وقت ادب لطیف کا جو رواج ہے، اس کے پرانے لکھنے والوں میں سب سے پہلا نام سید حیدر مرحوم کا ہے اور چونکہ قادر مطلق کو ان سے یہ کام لینا تھا، اس لئے ان کی زندگی میں اس کا مناسب سامان بھی پیدا کردیا یعنی یہ کہ کالج کے زمانہ ہی میں ان کو ترکی پڑھنے کا خیال ہوا، علی گڑھ میں نواب محمد اسمٰعیل خان صاحب رئیس علی گڑھ کے والد بزرگوار ہجرت کرکے مکہ معظمہ چلے گئے تھے، وہیں نواب محمد اسمٰعیل خاں صاحب کی تعلیم و تربیت ہوئی، اس زمانہ میں ترکی وہاں کی سرکاری زبان تھی، اس لئے ان کو ترکی بھی پڑھائی گئی اور جب وہ ہندوستان آئے تو وہ ترکی ادب کے گویا نمائندہ ہوکر آئے، چنانچہ سرسید کے ’’تماشائے عبرت‘‘ میں وہ اسی ہیئت سے اسٹیج پر آئے ہیں اور معارف علی گڑھ میں جس کے وہ شریک ایڈیٹر تھے، وہی ترکی ادب کی اشاعت کا ذریعہ بنے۔
بہرحال سجاد حیدر مرحوم نے انہی سے ترکی زبان سیکھی اور اس کا یہ فائدہ ان کو پہنچا کہ سرکار انگریزی نے ان کو علی گڑھ...

مقاصد العقدية بين الإفهام والتكليف

جاءت هذه الدراسة كمحاولة لتحرير مباحث علم العقيدة من المنهج الكلامي الجدلي، ومقاربتها بمنهج مقاصدي وذلك بتأطير هذه المباحث بمقاصد الشارع، فعملت على بيان كيفية استثمار المنهج المقاصدي في مباحث العقدية، وأثره في إزالة العوائق التي تمنع من إنتاج العقيدة لثمارها المقصودة شرعا. وقد اعتمدت الدراسة منهجا وصفيا تحليليا، ربطت فيه العقيدة بمقصدي الإفهام والتكليف لأن الأول موجه لبناء التصور، والثاني يبرز أثر العقيدة في السلوك، ومن خلال الدراسة والفحص انتهت الدراسة إلى عدد من الخلاصات من أهمها: مقصود الله تعالى من أحكام العقيدة بناء التصور الصحيح المتمركز حول التوحيد، وتوجيه سلوك المسلم؛ أحكام العقيدة جاءت على قدر ما يفهم المكلفون يستوي في ذلك ضعيف الفهم وثاقبه؛ مقصد الشارع من العقيدة هو تحقيق العبودية بمختلف أوجهها. وسجلت الدراسة مجموعة من التوصيات أهمها ضرورة تحرير العقيدة من المقاربة الكلامية الجدلية، وربطها بمقاصد الشريعة؛ وجعل المقاصد إطارا منهجيا للدراسات العقدية؛ ربط مباحث العقيدة بالتكليف من حيث التصور والعمل. الكلمات المفتاحية: العقيدة، الإفهام، التكليف.

Gene Mapping and Molecular Analysis of Some Inherited Skin Disorders in Consanguineous Pakistani Families

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