مرشد دا شہر
(آنحضور صوفی محمد اصغر سائیں رینجرز آف جہلم شریف والوں کی یاد میں )
سیّو مینوں دیو ودھائیاں جہلم شہر نوں میں جے چلی
خوشیاں ہوئیاں دون سوائیاں میں تے جاندی پئی ہاں کلی
سیاں کرن روانہ آئیاں نالے روون وانگ سودائیاں
ماہی ہن کیوں دیراں لائیاں ، انہاں نوں دیوے کون تسلی
جہلم شہر دے کوچے گلیاں ، ڈھونڈ رہی میں تھکیاں تلیاں
پارس(۱) پیر دے در آ کھلیاں ،مینوں لوکی کہندے جھلی
دلبر دے میں دیس نوں جاواں اوتھے جاکے شکر مناواں
درد دلے دے رج سناواں ، عشقے دی اے چوٹ اَولی
دید تیری نوں ترسن سیاں ، ہجر سزا میں کٹ دی پیاں
ہوئیاں اج سہاگن جنھاں راہ ہمیش سجن دی ملّی
قادری عشق چبارے چڑھیاں اوہ نہ فیر گھراں نوں وڑیاں
جہلم جا اوہ درس چ پڑھیاں، انہاں نوں چٹھی مرشد گھلی
(پارس پیر: صحابی رسول جن کا دربار جہلم دریا کے کنارے پر ہے)
Human beings are the masterpieces of the Creator of the universe and He enjoined them to preserve human life. One form of the preservation of life is the utmost care for the rights of even an embryo. The study of the rights of the embryo laid down in the primary scriptures of Islam suggests that the embryo is accorded respect like living people. The rights of children start well before their birth. At present, cases ofabortion are reported daily. Muslim jurists have dwelled on ordinances about abortion for the benefit of people. At present, medical science has revealed all the stages of childbirth from conception to delivery. The effects of abortion, both positive and negative, are not hard to grasp in the light of modern scientific research Not to talk of living people, Islam guarantees the life of the early developmental stage of a baby within the uterus of the mother. This extraordinary care for a child during its embryonic period demonstrates that Islam attaches high priority to human life even before its start on the face of the Earth. Should one abort without a legitimate cause, the legal experts from the main schools of Islamic jurisprudence hold that the perpetrator will pay a fine and make compensation. If, on the other hand, a fetus is removed from the womb to end a pregnancy as it may harm a woman physically, it is allowable; only a healthy mother may give birth to healthy babies. In a like manner, when a couple feels unable to train and educate somany kids, they may have an operation to end a pregnancy by removing an embryo. However, while resorting to abortion, parents must not lose sight of the do’s and don’ts of abortion jurists have laid down and not just fall victim to the catchy slogan of “family planning”.
Letters written by famous writers have contributed a great deal in the development of Urdu language and literature. Today, this significantly important type of prose writing is on decline, due to advancement in the field of communication. Hence, communication through letters is being substituted with SMS, MMS, templates and e-mails etc., which are not being preserved for subsequent analysis. So far, letters of only few famous writers have been researched & critically analyzed, for their literary importance. It is in this back drop that the letters of Muhammad Hussain Azad, who is regarded as one of the five important learned persons of Urdu prose writing, have been selected for research and critical analysis. My endeavor was to highlight the ignored aspects of Azad's prose and an effort in this direction has been made through literary analysis of various letters. For ease of understanding, I have segregated my research into six chapters; each one elucidating distinctly, important aspects of my research. The first chapter is about tradition of Urdu letter writing from its infancy till Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. The 2nd chapter discusses the letter writing style of Azad's counter parts, whereas 3rd chapter presents Azad's biography, literary services and style of expression in prose. Fourth chapter focuses on the research of Azad's letters whereas 5th chapter offers critical analysis of his letters and style of letter writing. The chapter also focuses on Azad's biography derived from his letters & Azad's style of letter writing in relation to his overall style of prose writing. Last chapter briefly describes addresses.