رواداری
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اساتذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پرلب کشائی کی سعادت حاصل ہورہی ہے وہ ہے:’’رواداری‘‘
جنابِ صدر!
رواداری ایک ایسی اخلاقی صفت ہے، ایک ایسی صفتِصالحہ ہے، ایک ایسی عادتِ حسنہ ہے۔ جو اس صفت سے متصف ہوتا ہے۔ اس کے خیالات پا کیزہ ہو جاتے ہیں، اس کے تصورات میں ہم آہنگی ہو جاتی ہے۔ اس کی نشست و برخاست اور قیام وقعود میں توازن پیدا ہوجاتا ہے۔
صدرِذی وقار!
رواداری سے گلشنِ ہستی میں بہار آجاتی ہے ، قوت رواداری سے طائر غور وفکر کی اڑان بلندی پر ہوتی ہے۔ رواداری کا مظاہرہ کرنے والے افراد معاشرے کے ماتھے کا جھومر ہوتے ہیں، رواداری کے شجربار آور کے نیچے اُگنے والا نہال بھی انفرادی خصوصیات کا حامل ہوتا ہے۔ رواداری کے گلشن میں خس و خاشاک نہیں اگتے سودمند خودرو پودوں کا اضافہ ہوتا ہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
رواداری ایک انسان کی دوسرے انسان سے محبت کا نام ہے، ایک فرد کا دوسرے فرد سے خوشگوار رابطے کا نام ہے، ایک شخص کی دوسرے شخص کے ساتھ پائیدارشناسائی کا نام ہے، روادار لوگوں سے ہر کوئی قربت کا متمنی و آرزومند ہوتا ہے، رواداری کا مظاہرہ کرنے والے افراد میدانِ اخوت ومودّت کے شاہسوار ہوتے ہیں۔ رواداری کا مظاہرہ کرنے والے افراد جہاں کہیں بھی ہوتے ہیں، آفتاب و ماہتاب کی طرح نورفشاں رہتے ہیں۔
صدرِذی وقار!
رواداری صرف یہ نہیں کہ ظاہری اعضاء اس کی نشاندہی کریں۔ ظاہری اعضاء کی حرکت کو دیکھ کر اندازہ لگایا جائے کہ شخص روادار ہے، چہرے کی بشاشت اور چمک کو دیکھ کر باور ہو جائے کہ یہی رواداری ہے، کسی شخص کی نشست و برخاست سے یہ اندازہ لگانے میں...
Liver plays an important role in lipid metabolism and any acute or chronic malfunction of the liver due to viral hepatitis or liver cirrhosis may induce lipid derangements Objective: To determine the patterns of deranged lipid profiles in patients of chronic hepatitis C Methods: It is a prospective, observational study, conducted at Medicine Department, Mayo Hospital Lahore for 6 months i.e.1stJanuary to 30th June 2018. After the ethical approval, 160 diagnosed cases of chronic hepatitis C of ages 18-70 years of either gender were selected by non-probability purposive sampling. Informed written consent was taken. Demographic information such as name, age and gender were recorded. Venous blood samples from patients after 10 to 14 hours of fasting were drawn for lipid profiles and sent to pathology laboratory. All results were expressed as mg/dl. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 22 Results: Out of 160 patients in this study, there were 94 males and 66 females. Total cholesterol was lower in 62.5% patients, normal in 33.75% patients and higher in 3.75% patients. Triglycerides levels were low in 66.25%, normal in 33.125%, and high in 0.625% patients. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were low in 82.5% patients, normal in 10% and raised in 7.5% patients. High density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were low in 95%, normal in 4.375% & high in 0.625% patients Conclusions: Low levels of serum lipids including total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL are seen in population suffering from chronic HCV infection.
Automobiles release a number of toxic metals into the surrounding environment. They enter human body through food chain and cause many toxic effects. Plants prove good indicators of their existence. In this study five herbaceous plant species (Calotropis procera, Datura alba, Ricinus communis, Parthenium hysterophorus and Cenchrus ciliaris) commonly growing along two roads i.e. Motorway (M-2) and Faisalabad-Sargodha road (FSR) in the Punjab, Pakistan, were collected. Plant and soil samples were collected in all the four seasons (2013-2014) from roadsides. Samples taken 100 m away from roads were designated as control. Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) metals were analyzed in all the plants and soil samples by ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer). Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents in plants and soil samples were also measured. Relative plant attributes i.e. photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll contents and carotenoids), gas exchange characters (photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO2 concentration (Ci) and water use efficiency (WUE)), total soluble proteins, total free amino acids and total antioxidant activity were studied. Significantly higher concentrations of all the metals were found along roadsides in plants and soils as compared to controls and they clearly showed spatial and temporal variations. In both plants and soil samples, higher contamination of metals was recorded during summer season, while, the least contamination was noticed during winter season. The metals concentrations were obtained in the order Zn > Ni > Pb > Cd. Higher metals, C and N concentrations were recorded along FSR road as compared to M-2. Pull-111 was proved to be the most polluted site. A general reduction in photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and total soluble proteins were recorded, whereas, increase in internal CO2 concentration, water use efficiency, total free amino acids and total antioxidant activity was observed under metal toxicity. Among plants, Calotropis procera leaves accumulated the highest level of Pb, Cd and Ni, while, Ricinus communis showed tendency to accumulate high quantities of Zn, thus, these plant species can be used as good biomonitors / phytoremediators. The metal contents in plants at most of the sites showed significant positive correlation with traffic density. High level of metals was also found in fuel (petrol and diesel) and soot samples. So, control measures are required to overcome transport sector related pollution which may become severe in forthcoming days.