The pressure on the higher education institution is mounting due to increasing competition, rising costs and reducing public funding for the higher education institutions worldwide. These trends in the higher education demand higher education institutions to realign their activities, functions and strategies to their core objectives to be more effective in a constrained world. The situation of higher education in Pakistan is even worse in the sense that most of the higher education institutions, particularly working under public sector, do not have strategic direction. This situation calls for greater attention on the accountability and performance measurement of public sector higher education institutions. The main purpose of this study is the development of Balanced Scorecard performance measurement system for the general-public sector universities in Pakistan. This model of performance measurement has already been implemented successfully in various organizations worldwide. The outstanding feature of this performance management system is that it could be modified according to the cultural context of the organization and its dynamics. This is a qualitative study. The data were collected in two phases. In the first phase, eight general-public sector universities were selected and data were collected from the Students, Teachers and Treasures of each university by means of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and indepth interviews. The second phase of data collection was primarily focused on the opinion of five experts. These experts were selected on the basis of their standing and experience in universities and quality assurance of higher education. The experts were asked to translate the objectives into strategies and suggest measures to gauge the effectiveness of these strategies. By utilizing constant comparison method, as proposed by Grounded Theory, the researcher compared and contrasted the data collected from the stakeholders of the universities and experts. Thus, a strategy map containing all the strategies to achieve all the desirable objectives was developed and finally the Balanced Scorecard containing the measures of performance of general-public sector universities in Pakistan was developed and it appears at the end of the thesis. The findings of the study indicate a disappointing state of strategic planning and performance measurement of genera-public sector universities in Pakistan. The students and teachers raised many concerns relating to the quality of education which according to them was out of context of practical world. This study recommends five perspectives of Balanced Scorecard i.e. Learning and Development (of teachers) Perspective, Research Perspective, Teaching Perspective, Student Perspective and Financial Perspective. The strategies and measures relating to the objectives of the universities are also segregated for each of the perspective. Balanced Scorecard provided by this study should be taken as a first step which could further be modified to fit each of generalpublic sector universities according to the needs and demands of the individual organization. The researcher calls practitioners and policy makers to implement the proposed framework to make the performance management system of their universities more relevant and effective. By no means, it is implied that this is final version of Balanced Scorecard. Each implementing university will subsequently modify this framework on the basis of feedback during implementation. Consequently, switching over to this performance management system will enhance the quality of higher education in Pakistan.
3 ۔معاشرتی اصلاح میں ذرائع ابلاغ کا کردار قرآن مجید کے مطالعہ سے معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ اسلام نے سب سے پہلا ابلاغ کا تصور پیش کیا ۔ تخلیق آدم کے وقت اللہ تعالیٰ اور ملائکہ کے درمیان ہونے والا مکالمہ یہ ہے ﴿وَإِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً۔ ﴾ 407 "اور جب تمہارے رب نے فرشتوں سے فرمایا کہ میں زمین پر ایک خلیفہ بنانے والا ہوں ۔ " عمل ابلاغ کی پہلی صورت تھی ، پھر جب حضرت آد م ؑنے اللہ تعالیٰ کے حکم سے سب اشیاء کے نام بتائے تو گویا یہ حضرت آد مؑ کی طرف سے پہلے انسانی عمل ابلاغ کا آغاز تھا ، جس کا تذکر ہ قرآن نے یوں کیا ﴿وَعَلَّمَ آَدَمَ الْأَسْمَاءَ كُلَّهَا ثُمَّ عَرَضَهُمْ عَلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ۔﴾408 " اور اللہ تعالیٰ نے آدم ؑ کو ساری چیزوں کے نام سکھائے ، پھر آدم ؑ نے ان کو فرشتوں کے سامنے پیش کیا ۔ " حضرت آد م ؑ کے بعد جو سلسلہ نبوت جاری ہوا تو ہر نبی علیہ السلام نے حق وصداقت کے ابلاغ اور دین فرقان کی تبلیغ کا فریضہ سرانجام دیا اور اس فریضہ کی ادا ئیگی میں اپنے عہد کے تمام ممکنہ ذرائع ابلاغ (تحریر اور تقریر ) استعمال کیے ۔مقاصد نبوت، مقاصد انسانیت اور مقاصد ربانی ابلاغ کی بدولت ہی انسان تک پہنچے۔ احسن اختر ناز اس حوالے سے لکھتے ہیں "خدا نے جب حضرت آد م ؑ کو تخلیق کیا تو اس کے نزدیک مقصد یہ تھا کہ یہ میری بندگی کرے گا اور میرا پیغام دوسری مخلوق تک پہنچائے گا ۔ اسی طرح دنیا کے پہلے انسان کو سب سے پہلے ابلاغ کا فریضہ ہی سپر د کیا گیا۔ بعد میں آنے والے تمام انبیا ئے کرام اور پھر نبی آخر الزمان پیغمبر اعظم ﷺ...
Sheikh Molana saleem ullah khan was born in Muzaffer Nagar in India. He belongs to hasan pur. He get degree of dura-e-nizami from Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband. In Deoband he received Education of Quran, Hadith and other related sciences through learned scholars of the time which includes Molana Hussain Ahmed Madani, Molana Izaz Ali, Molana Idrees kandahalvi and other religious personalities. After his education he start teaching and served as a teacher in many madaris. He was a prominent and renowned scholar.1n 1967 He laid the foundation of Jamia Farooqia Karachi. His entire services have been so much blessed by Almighty Allah that since its foundation, till now the Jamia has advanced a long way in Islamic Education and related fields which seems almost unbelievable. He left many books which based on his writing and narration of Hadith during different session of dura-e-Hadith. In this Article, I have tried my level best to elaborate sheikh saleem Ullah khan’s services as Author for Islamic literature and specially for Hadith Nabvi(s.w).
Urdu dastan is one of the main genre of urdu prose.Dastan isfirst kind of story telling and writing in the history of urdu fiction which derived its tradition from Arabic and Persian literature i.e dastan Alaf Laila and dastan Ameer Hamza but it does not disconnect its relation from Hindustani roots(jatak kahanian, katha surt sagar, maha bharat etc) .The time period of 18th and 19th century in urdu prose is called the era of "Dastan".The concept of characterization in urdu prose dastans is very ì complicated and erratic.In these dastans we find subtle and highly developed type of characters with all their characteristics and nuances. This type of characterization and the technique of its use in dastan is so perfect and profound. These characters belongs to different kinds(ie Human beings, Animals, Birds, Supernatural etc),and are presented in an alien worldwhere time lacks any natural , everyday cyclicity. But in their actions and feelings they all are like human beings. In this thesis under consideration research carried out about a very important part of dastan. The investigatory and the critical analysis of the Important Supportive Characters of the prose dastans not only differ this opinion that these dastans have not any kind of characterization but also help to highlight the standard of characterization of that era which is usually neglected in urdu crticicism. In this thesis I tried my best to explore and analyse the Important Supportive Characters which were presented in urdu prose dastans and elaborated the concept of presentation of these characters. In this thesis all those dastans are included which are published, having XVI unity of plot and variety of characterization. All those dastans are avoided to include in which most of the material was borrowed from other dastans or which revolved around the same topic. In this thesis, standard of characterization in dastans, capabilities ofcharacterization and how it was differ from the characterization of modern fiction is discussed.Important Supportive Character of dastans are also examined and elaborated according to social, psychological and moral standardization of modern era. This thesis has been divided into five parts. Part one deals with the craft of characterization in urdu dastan(ie Introduction, main characters, qualification of important supportive chracter). Part two deals with the important supportive characters of the foremost and prominent prose dastans(period 1635 to 1800).Part threeconsists of critical analysis of important supportive characters of the prose dastans, published under the patronage of Fort William College. Part four, comprised of the important supportive characters of the prominent dastans, published during the same period but not under the patronage of the Fort William college and also published after the period of this college. Part five (Epilogue) consists on the collective evaluation and analysis of important supportive characters of these three periods. The objective of the research is to explore and highlight the important supportive characters of these dastans which took part in fascination and prolongation and are most necessary due to their actions, portray their importance and judge the standard of important supportive characters.