ڈاکٹر سید محمود
افسوس ہے کہ ملک و ملت کی وہ شمع جو ایک عرصہ سے جھلملا رہی تھی، ہمیشہ کے لیے خاموش ہوگئی اور ڈاکٹر سید محمود صاحب نے ۲۸؍ ستمبر کی صبح کو اس جہاں فانی کو الوداع کہا، ڈاکٹر صاحب جیسی جامع اوصاف شخصیتیں کم پیدا ہوتی ہیں، ان میں مذہب و سیاست، علم و فن اور تہذیب و شرافت کا نہایت متناسب اجتماع تھا، شرافت اور وضعداری کا تو مجسم پیکر تھے، آخر کے چند برسوں کو چھوڑ کر جب وہ بالکل معذور ہوگئے تھے، ان کی پوری زندگی ملک و وطن اور قوم وملت کی خدمت میں گزری، وہ ابتدا سے کانگریسی اور پنڈت جواہر لال نہرو کے پرانے رفیق تھے، ان دونوں کے تعلقات اتنے عزیزانہ تھے کہ ڈاکٹر صاحب پنڈت جی کے گھر کے ایک فرد سمجھے جاتے تھے، جنگ آزادی میں ان کے دوش بدوش حصہ لیا، اور ان کے ساتھ قید و بند کی مصیبتیں جھیلیں، آزادی کے بعد صوبہ بہار کے راجیہ سبھا کے ممبر تھے، پھر مرکزی حکومت میں وزیر مملکت برائے امور خارجہ ہوئے، چند سال پہلے تک راجیہ سبھا کے ممبر تھے پھر اپنی معذوریوں کی وجہ سے اس سے بھی الگ ہوگئے تھے ان کا آخری کارنامہ مجلس مشاورت کا قیام ہے، اس کو انھوں نے ہندو مسلم اتحاد، ان دونوں کے درمیان غلط فہمیوں کے ازالہ اور ملک و ملت کی مشترک خدمت کے لیے قائم کیا تھا، اور ابتدا میں بڑی سرگرمی سے اس کے کاموں میں حصہ لیا، اور ضعف پیری کے باوجود ملک کے مختلف حصوں کا دورہ کیا جس کا ملک کی فضا پر بہت اچھا اثر پڑا، لیکن پھر مجلس مشاورت کی پالیسی میں بعض ارکان سے اختلاف کی بنا پر اس سے الگ ہوگئے، وہ چند دنوں سے شیعہ سنی اتحاد کی کوشش میں تھے۔
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Intoxicant use and subsequent substance abuse is the leading health problem in younger age groups in contemporary times, and across the globe. It contributes to morbidity, mortality and economic loss. It also disturbs the social system of a community and creates a serious threat to global health. The aim of this study was to determine the use of intoxicants among medical college students of Islamabad and to identify the associated factors with intoxicant use. A cross-sectional research design was used to gather survey data from two private medical colleges. Data from a final sample of 310 respondents was analyzed using descriptive statistics. It was found that smoking was the most prevalent intoxicant used amongst the participants (21.9%). The other most common prevalent use of intoxicants included alcohol (6.1%), Naswar (powdered tobacco dip) (6.8%) and Heroin (3.9%). The male gender and need for mental relaxation were found to be statistically significant with cigarette smoking. Most of the students indicated that they did not feel guilty about using intoxicants. It is important that medical college administration develops policies to control intoxicant use among students, including and not limited to awareness campaigns, counseling and support for stress relief.
The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of the Visiting Teacher (VT) Mathematics secondary program by inquiring into the pedagogical approaches of selected teachers in Karachi. Furthermore, the challenges they encountered during the implementation of the new instructional strategies in the classrooms were studied. The field work was undertaken in three of Aga Khan University, Institute for Educational Development (AKUIED)' s co-operating schools, from which two male and one female VTs had attended the program in 1998. The data was gathered from VTs, headteachers (HTs), colleagues, students, and course tutors through interviews, observation and documents within a qualitative paradigm. The major findings of the study were that the VT program in Mathematics (secondary) had impacted on VTs to at least some extent, resulting in increased student participation in the classroom. The VT program also contributed to the raising of awareness about the subject of Mathematics and the teaching and learning processes associated with it. This study revealed that prior to joining the program VTs had a lack of conceptual understanding of the subject matter, as well as a lack of awareness of new pedagogical approaches. After the program it was generally found that the teachers were employing new pedagogical approaches. These were found by them to be useful in order to enhance understanding of the concepts to be taught by relating them to life experiences. The program also helped the teachers to develop thinking skills and taught them to place an emphasis on meaningful learning. They developed reflective practice and had enhanced their course content knowledge but punishing students was found to be a common practice. An important finding was that VTs had made a major shift in their perception of teaching and learning and moved from a traditional mode of teaching towards progressive instructional approaches. Challenges faced by VTs in the implementation of new approaches were discussed. In order to improve the program, some recommendations have been proposed.