نہ خط لکھوں نہ زبانی کلام تجھ سے رہے
رہے بس اتنا شناسائی کا بھرم باقی
نہ عہدِ ترکِ تعلق، نہ قربتیں پیہم
یہی رہیں ترے نشتر، ترا طریق علاج
نظر میں عکس فشاں ہو ترے جمال کی دھوپ
اب اس سے بڑھ کے مجھے چاہیے بھی کیا آخر
خاموشیوں کا یہی انتقام تجھ سے رہے
اشارتاً ہی دعا و سلام تجھ سے رہے
بس ایک ربطِ مسلسل، مدام تجھ سے رہے
اسی طرح غمِ دل کو دوام تجھ سے رہے
دیارِ جاں میں سدا رنگِ شام تجھ سے رہے
دیارِ فن میں اگر میرا نام تجھ سے رہے
In Pakistan, the financial issues of married working women are rarely discussed. There is an absence of literature on the subject. Nevertheless, the social sciences literature has been debating financial aspect of gender, either from the perspective of employer or employee; ignoring the working women’s reservations regarding their financial contribution in their marital life, particularly with reference to spouse and in-laws expectations. This issue becomes more acute when it comes to patriarchal conservative developing societies. This study is a delicate attempt to understand the magnitude of financial support of Pakistani married working women for spouse and in-laws, in the city of Lahore. In routine, the husband as well as the in-laws expect that a working wife should surrender her income, in entirety or partially towards the household budget, thus taking the financial responsibility of her spouse along with his extended family. Such financial misgivings create tensions and pressure for the already burdened woman having a disadvantaged status. In certain cases, the contribution is by free will of the wife, as well. This research will make an attempt through a survey with 50 married working women of different social classes, residing in Lahore. The purpose is to understand the rationale of approval or disapproval of this practice. Refusal for cooperation often create problems for the earning woman, even at the risk of separation or divorce, or at the least, tensions in the married life. At the end, the study will debate over possible adjustments and compromises, which could reduce tense situation for the married working woman, and at the same time maintaining her financial independence.
Diafenthiuron is a thiourea derivative pesticide that is commonly used against sucking pests in Pakistan. Present work was designed to report the toxic effect of diafenthiuron on non-target organism, Labeo rohita behavior, growth, hematology, serum biochemical profile, elemental composition in fish muscles and histology of vital organs. Juvenile freshwater Cyprinid fish Rahu (Labeo rohita) of both sexes (body length 12.5-25.5cm and body weight 27.7 to 163.63g) were purchased (N=500) from Faheem Fish Form Multan. Fish were acclimatized to controlled lab conditions. Fish were exposed to 0.0038, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg L-1 of Diafenthiuron for 96 hours. A pesticide untreated control group was maintained in parallel. Fish mortality was observed after 24h, 48h, 72h and 96 h and 96h Diafenthiuron LC50 value for Labeo rohita was found to be 0.272 mgL-1. Experimental series include short and long term phases. During short term experiments, Labeo rohita were exposed to sublethal concentration of 0.0075 mgL-1 of Diafenthiuron for 2, 4 and 8 days respectively while in long term experiments, fish were exposed to same dose for 16, 32 and 64 days. In parallel control group was maintained for each experimental treatment. The Diafenthiuron treated fish showed avoidence response as it displayed abrupt and sluggish swimming movements with heavy mucous secretion and fish body colour changed to light brown. The pesticide exposed fish had significantly higher white blood cell, lymphocyte and red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, red blood cells distribution width, while platelets count, plateletcrit and platelet distribution were significantly decreased than control group. Similarly, concentration of total serum proteins, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations and asparate aminotransferase were disturbed in different diafenthiuron exposed treatments than their control groups. Analysis of elemental concentration data from fish muscle showed that there were significant variations in calcium, potassium and cadmium concentration when compared between diafenthiuron treated and untreated groups. Wrinkling of cell membrane of hepatocytes, diffused hepatocytes necrosis, dislocation of nucleus, pycnosis of hepatic nuclei and dilation of blood sinusoid were observed in liver of fish exposed to Diafenthiuron. These results are in agreement with our results from complete blood count and serum biochemical analysis that had indicated an infectious state in fish with disturbed metabolism. In Diafenthiuron treated Labeo rohita, a number of vacuolation and swellings in some renal tubular cells, shrinking of glomerulus were observed. The renal tubules exhibited shrunken lumen and vacuolated cytoplasm, pyknosis of nucleus, necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells occurred, infiltration of leucocyte spread throughout and condensation of epithelial cells of tubules, karyorrhexsis and karyolysis indicated pesticide induced stress affecting the kidney histology severely. In conclusion, we have observed that sublethal dose (0.0075 mgL-1) of Diafenthiuron significantly affected the behavior, blood chemistry, histology of vital organs; elemental concentration in muscles of Labeo rohita than control groups indicating that Diafenthiuron has potential to adversely affect the physiology of non target organism, Labeo rohita. Therefore, we recommend strict measures to be taken at the government and public levels to prevent the entry of pesticides into water bodies to keep our food chains and food webs intact for sustaining life on the earth.