The present ethnographic study explores the displacement of the people by the government of Pakistan‘s mega project Tarbela dam. Those affected by the project were resettled in different areas of Pakistan. The study has critically analyzed the problems faced by such resettlers after the resettlement. Therefore, the topic chosen for this study is ―adjustment problems of the resettlers of Tarbela dam in Pakistan‖. The study has found that the involuntary resettlement created many problems for the resettlers in the areas of the resettlement including problems in language, education, housing, sanitation, construction, weather conditions, employment and assimilation. While the main objective of this study is to understand the perceptions of the resettlers (both men and women) regarding their adjustment in the new areas. Previous studies from around the world have shown that people affected by such mega projects were not properly compensated. Governments usually do not do much for resettlers; they pay them nominal price and do not assist them much. . The same thing happened in this case as well. The resettlers were not properly compensated and, therefore, they still feel deprived; they criticize the government‘s officials for such an action. This study, therefore, has employed qualitative methodology wherein unstructured interviews and focused group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with the respondents. The research design was ethnography wherein the researcher lived in the communities under investigation. Furthermore, the study has found that in Pakistan there is still no resettlement policy for people displaced by the government‘s decisions. In the absence of such a policy, it does not seem possible to compensate the resettlers according to the law. Apparently all mega development projects in Pakistan, involving dislocation of people have been carried out on the basis of the World Bank guidelines for resettlement. The key findings of the study are removal of their Hujra system which caused their non-adjustment in the new area. Secondly, loss of veiling (Pardah) for women due to displacement was yet anotherreason for their non-adjustment in the new area. A policy for proper assimilation and compensation of resettlers has been recommended in this research. It has also been suggested that resettlers must be involved in the planning, designing and implementation stages of resettlement plan. Furthermore, need to protect culture of resettlers and their values has been highlighted and recommended in this research
ابھی گزشتہ مہینہ کے معارف میں ہم نے حضرت امیر شریعت صوبہ بہار اور امارت شرعیہ صوبہ بہار کا تذکرہ کیا تھا، خیال میں بھی نہ تھا کہ اس کے ایک ہی مہینہ کے بعد ہم کو حضرت ممدوح کی دائمی مفارقت کا ماتم کرنا پڑے گا، حضرت مولانا شاہ بدرالدین سجادہ پھلواری اس عہد کے جنید و شبلیؒ تھے، ان کا زہد و ورع، نزاعت و ارتقاء، علم و عمل، صورت و سیرت، ہر چیز نمونۂ سلف تھی، کم و بیش چالیس برس تک یہ علم و عرفان کی شمع صوبۂ بہار میں روشن رہی اور اس کی روشنی دور دور تک پھیلتی رہی، ان کے شب و روز کے چوبیس گھنٹے ذکر و فکر اور مطالعۂ کتب کے سوا اور مشاغل میں کمتر صرف ہوتے تھے، ان کی نشست گاہ ایک کتب خانہ تھی، ان کے چاروں طرف کتابوں کا انبار لگا رہتا تھا اور اس کے بیچ میں یہ زندہ کتب خانہ جلوہ فرما رہتا تھا، اس عہد میں یہی ایک ہستی تھی جو ظاہر و باطن، علم و معرفت، حقیقت و شریعت کا مجمع البحرین تھی اور جس سے ہزاروں اور لاکھوں علم و معرفت کے پیاسے سیراب ہوتے رہتے ہیں، پھلواری کا سجادہ اس بزرگ ذات کی رونق افروزی سے چشمۂ خورشید تھا، افسوس کہ یہ آفتاب اب ہمیشہ کے لئے ڈوب گیا۔ وہ میرے والد مرحوم کے پیر بھائی تھے، دونوں مولانا شاہ علی حبیب صاحب قدس سرہ، سجادہ نشین پھلواری سے مستفید تھے، خاکسار کو آغاز عمر میں ۱۸۹۸ء میں پھلواری کی خانقاہ میں چند ماہ بسلسلۂ طلب علم والد ماجد مرحوم کے حسب ہدایت رہنے کا اتفاق ہوا تھا، اس وقت سے اخیر عمر تک اس ہیچمدان پر خاص نظر عنایت تھی، کبھی کبھی مکرمت ناموں سے سرفراز فرماتے، تو ’’اعزا خواں‘‘ کے...
Background of the study: Mechanical pain of musculoskeletal origin, known as nonspecific LBP (NSLBP), has symptoms that change depending on the type of physical activity [1]. About 85% of her LBP patients present in primary care settings are NSLBP patients.
Methodology: Randomized control trial (RCT) conducted between between January 2020 and October, 2021, Rawal General and Dental Hospital and Al-Nafees, the hospital in Islamabad. Thirty patients were included in the study. Two participants were discontinued. There were two groups of patients i.e., 15 patients in the KT group and 13 patients in the DN group diagnosed of NSCLBP by orthopedic surgeon and referral to outpatient physiotherapy clinic. The Sample size was calculated using the OpenEpi scale. The Consent form was filled out by the participants before the initiation of the study. Pain Rating Scale, Roland-Morris Disability Index Questionnaire (RMDQ) and Global patient rating scale (PGR) were assessed at baseline, two weeks post-intervention and four weeks post-treatment.
Results: Before treatment, there were no differences between the groups for PNRS, RMDQ and PGR. Both DN and KT produced significant improvements in all baseline measures (PNRS, RMDQ and PGR) after two weeks and four weeks of treatment (p<0.05). Considerable improvements were observed in all variables in both groups after treatment. However, Statistical analysis ANOVA showed no significant differences in almost all measures between groups. (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Kinesio-taping is as effective as DN in managing back pain. When treating back pain, adding DN or KT to your exercise program can make a significant contribution to your treatment.
The primary objective of the study was to measure the association between developmental assets and youth development along with assessing the role of family, peer, neighborhood, community and schooling. Developmental assets signify personal, interpersonal and environmental strengths that enhance the health and educational outcomes of the youth. Similarly, youth development refers to the tendency of the young people to achieve higher in education and to actively participate in the community. Theoretical framework of the study is based on Ecological Model of Bronfenbrenner (1994) for understanding the role of family, peer, neighborhood, community and schooling in youth development. The researcher applied exploratory sequential design of mix method for the current study to explore the past familiarities and current trend of the youth development. In the first phase qualitative study was conducted with the aim to contextualize and explore the concepts of developmental assets and youth development in Pakistani context. Focus Group Discussions with the students, teachers and parents of students were conducted for the qualitative study. The qualitative findings of the study informed and established the development of the cross-sectional survey tool that was used on a large-scale population of the college students. In the second phase the quantitative study was conducted to see how the developmental assets are associated with youth development by using a cross sectional survey. The qualitative codes and themes were gathered from qualitative data and domain analysis technique was used for qualitative data analysis. The qualitative study concluded that both developmental assets and youth development has some cultural meanings. In the first instance the study found that role of siblings, positive health attributes and awareness about Information Communication Technologies are additional and substantive developmental assets in Pakistani society. Similarly, possession of leadership qualities and employability are important indicators of youth development in Pakistan. A cross sectional survey tool that was formed after the qualitative phase was used for the collection of quantitative data from college students. Ethical considerations were ensured before conducting the field work for the quantitative study. The objective of the quantitative phase was to see the relationship between developmental assets and youth development. The Quantitative data analysis was conducted by GGM model (Generalized Method of Moments). The quantitative study concluded that developmental assets are significantly associated with youth development. Overall, internal developmental assets are more valuable than the external developmental assets. The study concludes that the role of the schooling is at the highest level in defining the youth development. In addition to that the family, community and neighborhood also have substantive role to play in VI the development of the youth. Career selection, moral and financial help are found to be important aspects of family involvement and contribution towards youth development. The study argues that efforts can be made to promote healthy youth development by engaging them in community activities, healthy family relationship and supportive school environment.