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Home > Al Zawahir Al Lugviya Fi Al Majaat Al Qurania Darast Sarfiya Dilaliya

Al Zawahir Al Lugviya Fi Al Majaat Al Qurania Darast Sarfiya Dilaliya

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Gulzar, Ammara

Program

PhD

Institute

International Islamic University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Arabic Languages & Literature

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10668/1/Ammara%20Gulzar_Arabic_2019_IIU_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-17 21:08:06

ARI ID

1676724463619

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رشید احمد صدیقی

آہ! رشید احمدصدیقی
ابھی مولانا عبدالماجد دریابادی کی وفات کا غم تازہ ہی تھا کہ اردو زبان کے ایک اور صاحب کمال صاحب طرز اور صاحب فن ادیب اور انشاء پرداز یعنی یگانۂ روزگار، فخر مسلم یونیورسٹی علی گڑھ درمایۂ ناز فرزند شیراز ہند جناب رشید احمد صدیقی کی رحلت کی خبر ملی۔
دل سے لپٹ لپٹ کر غم بار بار رویا
وہ مڑیاہو ضلع جونپور کے رہنے والے تھے، علی گڑھ میں چھ سال تعلیم پائی، یہاں کے شعبۂ اردو کے صدر کی حیثیت سے سبکدوش ہوئے تو یہیں کے ہوکر رہ گئے، اس کی روایات کے رازداں، اس کی حمیت کے دیدباں، اس کی عزت کے نگہبان اور اس کی آبرو کے پاسبان بن کر ساری زندگی گزاری، وہ علی گڑھ مسلم یونیورسٹی کو ایک اہل دل مسلمان نقاش اور مصور کا شاہکار سمجھتے رہے، سیاحوں کو جو دل آویزی اور رعنائی اجنٹا اور ایلورا میں نظر آتی ہے، وہی ان کو گھر بیٹھے مسلم یونیورسٹی میں نظر آتی رہی، شاہجہاں مثمن برج میں بیٹھ کر تاج محل دیکھا کرتا، پھر اسی برج میں اس نے ایک چھوٹا سا شیشہ نصب کرا رکھا تھا، جس میں تاج محل کا پورا عکس پڑتا رہتا، رشید صاحب کے لئے علی گڑھ میں ان کا مکان ان کا مثمن برج تھا، جس کے اندورونی حصہ میں ایک خوبصورت لہلہاتا سبزہ زار تھا، اس کے بیرونی حصہ میں طرح طرح کے گلاب کے پودے لگے رہتے تھے، یہیں سے اپنے شیشہ دل میں اپنے ذہن کے تاج محل یعنی مسلم یونیورسٹی کو دیکھ کر خوش ہوتے رہتے، اب اسی تاج محل کے اندر مدفون ہیں، جس کی سرزمین نے ان کے جسدخاکی کو نہیں بلکہ مسلم یونیورسٹی کے نشاط روح، سوزسینہ اور دل بے قرار کو بڑے شوق سے اپنی آغوش میں لے لیا ہوگا، وہ جاچکے مگر اپنی...

Innovation Models : Development Of Resources and Learning Materials

Education in the future expects changes in learning approaches that focus on individual abilities and prioritize students as the main subject (student centered). Facing the evolution of education during the COVID-19 pandemic and the direction towards Society 5.0, it is necessary to innovate in the development of learning resources and materials, bearing in mind the importance of learning resources and materials in the teaching and learning process. One of the innovative ways to develop learning resources and materials is through the application of the Quizizz-based development method. The hope is that with this approach, students' responses to Quizizz-based teaching materials and resources will be very positive, indicating strong support from students for using this approach in the learning process.

Molecular and Genetic Characterization of Hiv and its Correlation With Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Among Aids Patients

Introduction: HIV is a retrovirus that replicates slowly and is responsible for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans. Immune system is weakened ultimately making infected individuals more vulnerable to numerous secondary infections. According to an estimate, HIV has infected more than seventy million people since 1981 and is responsible for the death of 35 million people so far. By the end of year 2016, 36.7 million population were found to be living with HIV worldwide. Pakistan, a developing nation of 200 million inhabitants, is witnessing an increase in the number of HIV infected individuals. The improved use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the morbidity and mortality linked with HIV, however, at the cost of the emergence of HIV drug resistance strains (HIVDR). No significant data exist about the epidemiology of HIV-1 genotypes and the drug resistance mutations. Objectives: To determine the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 and its correlation with antiretroviral drug resistance among AIDS patients. Study design: Cross-sectional, prospective multi-centre study. Duration: January 2015 – June 2018. Setting: Department of Blood Transfusion Services, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad; Department of Pathology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Complex, Karachi; and Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, International Islamic University, Islamabad. Methods: A total of 410 HIV-positive patients (both on treatment and treatment naïve) were recruited in the study. From the Voluntary Counselling and Treatment Centre (VCTC), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, blood samples were collected from 298 HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). For the treatment of naïve individuals, a community based survey on 387 high risk group individuals was conducted in different cities yielding 37 HIV positive samples. In addition, 54,877 blood donors were screened for HIV-1&2 at the Department of Blood Transfusion Services, SZAB Medical University, of which, 75 were found reactive. HIV screening was performed by rapid point of care HIV screening device (AlereDetermineTM HIV-1/2, Alere North America Inc. USA). All samples were confirmed by the chemiluminescence immunoassay using fully automated Abbott Architect i2000SR system. The samples tested positive were re-tested using Abbott’s CLIA system. Using standard questionnaire, the study subjects were also interviewed regarding their living conditions, daily routines, travel history and sexual behaviour. Using standard methods, viral RNA of HIV was extracted from the blood specimens of positive patients, and was converted to cDNA. HIV cDNA of all positive patients was then analysed for the presence of various HIV genotypes (types and sub-types) by employing subtype-specific primers in a nested PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Sanger sequencing standard protocols was followed to detect the mutations in the genes related to drug resistance in HIV. All the data and samples were kept confidential and anonymous. HIV analyses was performed according to the conditions of “5-Cs”: comprising of informed consent, be confidential, involve counselling, deliver correct test results and connections to prevention, treatment and care services. Informed written consent was received from all study subjects participating in this study. Results: A total of 387 subjects from selected high risk groups (HRGs) agreed to provide blood sample. Out of 387, a total of 149 subjects tested positive for syphilis (38.5%), whereas 37 tested positive for HIV (9.6%). Syphilis co-infection was found in 22 of the HIV infected subjects (59.5%; odd ratio 2.53; p=0.008). The HIV screening of 54,877 blood donors initially yielded 77 reactive cases. A repeat testing showed 0.13% (n=75) positive cases (Fig 4.2), with 95% confidence intervals 0.0014 (0.0011 – 0.0018). No female donor was reactive for HIV. From the genotypic analysis of 410 HIV positive individuals, the predominant HIV-1 subtype was A (n=376) (91.7%) followed by subtype B (n=34) (8.3%). The results of reverse transcriptase region analysis for resistance mutations exhibited that 89% of the sequences do not have major and minor mutations. The percentage of sequences showing a major mutation was 11%. The major mutation was Y115F, where the patient sample is having Tyrosine (Tyr) at position 115, while the normal individual have Phenylalanine (Phe). The results of PR region analysis showed no major mutations. On the other hand, minor mutations were exhibited by six sequences. Two of the mutations were categorized as L10V, and the remaining four included A71AV, L10FL, G48GR and L10I. Conclusions: The present study has provided a complete baseline data on the molecular and genetic characterization of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Pakistan. Further studies of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations would help in streamlining resistance pattern and subsequent alternate therapies.