Concept of Tolerance in Islam for Promotion of Human Unity

Islam is a divine religion. It is based on divine revelation and Sunnah of the Holy prophet (SAW). Tolerance, patience, forbearing and broadmindedness are the hallmarks of the last divine religion, Islam. In the article the ideology of co-existence has been discussed. Verses of the Holy book indicate importance of the tolerance. Similarly some events out of the Seerah of the Holy prophet (SAW) have been mentioned as references. In these pages it is impossible to explain scope of the subject; however efforts have been made to elaborate the Islamic perspective of tolerance. May Allah Almighty enable all of us to follow teachings of Islam in true spirit.

Subdivision Schemes and Their Applications in Geometric Modeling

Subdivision is a basic tool to describe smooth curves and surfaces in computer aided geometric design. Since no single subdivision scheme can be adequate for every situation so, there is always a space to present new schemes. The main purpose of this dissertation is to introduce different kinds of subdivision schemes for curve and surface designing based on arity and complexity. Several explicit formulae for generation of mask of subdivision schemes are presented. Many well known existing schemes are special cases of our proposed schemes. Convergence and smoothness of stationary and non-stationary subdivision schemes are evaluated by using Laurent polynomial method and asymptotic equivalence technique respectively. Some of remarkable properties of proposed subdivision schemes like Hölder regularity, support of basic limit function, error bounds, total absolute curvature, artifact, shrinkage effect, limit stencil, convexity preservation, affine invariance and reproduction are discussed. The applications of the schemes developed have also been depicted through different examples.