The purpose of this study was to analyze the relevance of existing B.Ed. (one year) curriculum of formal colleges of education and universities with the learning in class IX & class X by taking views from the principals and the SSTs (senior school teachers) who were taken as stakeholders and to provide a set of recommendations for improving it on the basis of their feedback. B.Ed. (one year) curriculum in Pakistan has continuously been under criticism. Recognizing the declining quality of education at secondary school level, the present study was conducted to analyze the relevance of existing B.Ed. (one year) curriculum with the learning in class IX & class X. The objectives of study were to: (a) get the opinions of the stakeholders on the existing B.Ed. (one year) curriculum, (b) critically analyze the expectations of the stakeholders about B.Ed. graduates, and (c) provide a set of recommendations for improving B.Ed. curriculum according to the expectations of the stakeholders. The population of the study comprised the principals and the SSTs of all secondary schools (2996 male and 1733 female=4729) situated in the province of Punjab. A sample of nine hundred was selected by using three-staged cluster sampling technique. At the first stage, nine districts, out of thirty six districts of Punjab, (three districts each from upper, central and lower Punjab) were randomly selected. At the second stage, twenty secondary schools (ten males & ten females) from each district (total 180) were randomly selected. At the third stage, four SSTs from each sample school were randomly selected and the principals of the selected schools were also taken for data collection. Thus the total sample size of the study was 900 (180 principals & 720 SSTs). Research instrument for both stakeholders was used to collect the required data. A pilot study was conducted on a small sample to confirm the validity of the research instrument before administering it on the study sample. Having collected data, the reliability of the research instrument was confirmed with the use of Cronbach’s Alpha on SPSS version 16 which established it at 0.844. Collected data was arranged, tabulated, analyzed (phase-wise and item-wise) by applying t-test, F-test and Chi-Square through SPSS 16 version and interpreted in the light of objectives of the study. The results concluded that the existing B.Ed. (one year) curriculum did not reflect representative relationship with the learning in class IX and class X. It did not proficiently prepare B.Ed. graduates according to the aspirations, needs and demands of the secondary schools and concerned society. It did not prepare them to work with others to expand their content knowledge, sharpen their instructional skills, and build up their capacity to use data for meaningful decision making. The practicum component did not appropriately create association between theoretical and practical work. It did not enable B.Ed. graduates to apply diverse methods for standard assessment, to create leadership and collaboration abilities, to understand the individual differences of students and to manage classroom procedure appropriately for better teaching learning processes. On the basis of results and feedback from the stakeholders, school-based B.Ed. curriculum having appropriate relationship to the learning need of class IX and class X was suggested to be undertaken by the concerned authorities. Extension in the duration of B.Ed. training program was suggested in order to come up to the expectations of society. Integration of teaching practice with course work at every stage was suggested to be undertaken by the supervisors in formal institutions of teacher training and by the teachers of class IX and class X. Additional assessment techniques were recommended to be incorporated in B.Ed. (one year) curriculum for practical training in the preparation, conduct and scoring of the tests to the B.Ed. graduates. Additional techniques to create leadership and collaboration ability, ability to understand learning differences and ability to create proper environment in the classroom were recommended to be incorporated in B.Ed. curriculum as these techniques might be enable B.Ed. graduates to appropriately collaborate with concerned persons and manage classroom procedure appropriately for improved teaching learning processes. New strategies i.e., concept formation, brainstorming, problem solving, concept attainment, etc. were recommended to be incorporated in B.Ed. curriculum for developing effective ways of teaching and evaluating the thinking and learning processes of the students in B.Ed. graduates. Contribution of the secondary school principals and senior school teachers in the revision of B.Ed. curriculum was recommended as they were fundamental source for making it relevant to the learning need in class IX & class X. These recommendations are expected to go a long way to improve the B.Ed. curriculum, to ensure the quality of teacher education at B.Ed. level and correspondingly at school level for raising the standards of teaching at secondary school level.
پروفیسر رشید الظفر مرحوم گزشتہ ماہ یہ افسوسناک خبر ملی کہ جامعہ ہمدرد دہلی کے لائق وائس چانسلر پروفیسر رشید الظفر کا انتقال ایک حادثہ میں ہوگیا، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ وہ سعودی عرب کے سفر پر تھے، جہاں ریاض اور ظہران کی شاہراہ پر ان کی گاڑی کو حادثہ پیش آیا اور اس طرح یہ سفر ان کے لیے سفرِ آخرت بن گیا۔ وہ مسلم یونیورسٹی کے قابل فخر طالب علم تھے، ان کے والد پروفیسر حفیظ الرحمن بھی اسی یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ قانون کے ممتاز اساتذہ میں تھے، انہوں نے انجینئرنگ کی تعلیم حاصل کی، خاص مضمون اسٹرکچرل انجینئرنگ تھا، اس میں بیرون ملک کی دانش گاہوں سے بھی استفادہ کیا اور اعلیٰ سندیں حاصل کیں، معلم و متعلم کی حیثیت سے ان کی زندگی قابل رشک اور مثالی رہی، صرف ۳۱ سال کی عمر میں وہ مسلم یونیورسٹی میں سول انجینئرنگ کے پروفیسر ہوگئے، بعد میں انہوں نے اس موضوع پر بین الاقوامی شہرت و مقبولیت حاصل کی، چنانچہ ظہران کی پیٹرولیم یونیورسٹی میں جہاں عالم اسلام کے ممتاز ترین ماہرین فن کو یکجا کرنے کی سعی کی جاتی ہے ان کا بحیثیت پروفیسر تقرر ہوا اور وہاں انہوں نے برسوں نہایت خوبی سے تعلیم و تدریس کے فرائض انجام دیے، چند برس قبل جب دہلی میں ہمدرد یونیورسٹی کی شکل میں محترم جناب حکیم عبدالحمید دہلوی کا خواب شرمندہ تعبیر ہوا تو حکیم صاحب کی جو ہرشناس نگاہ ان پر پڑی اور وہ اس جامعہ کی وائس چانسلری کے عہدہ پر فائز ہوئے اور اپنی جانکاہی و جاں سوزی، خاموش خدمت اور مسلسل جہد و عمل سے نہایت قلیل مدت ہی میں بڑی نیک نامی حاصل کی، اپنی مادر علمی مسلم یونیورسٹی کے اعلیٰ مقاصد سے ہمیشہ خاص ربط و تعلق رکھا اور جب بھی اس پر کوئی آنچ آئی تو...
The research explores the factors affecting employees' job motivation in small and medium enterprises in Dong Nai province from June 2019 to June 2020. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that there are five factors including the following elements: relationships in the organization; interesting job; Salary, bonus, and benefits; Training and promotion and assessment of job performance affects the working motivation of employees in small and medium-sized enterprises in Dong Nai province with the significance of 5%. In addBesidesstudy results were processed from SPSS 20.0, Amos software. Estimated parameters of the model by the least least-squared with a significance level of 1%. The results are also significant scientific evidence for researchers and policymakers at small and medium enterprises in Dong Nai province to apply research results to human resource development in the future. Based on the five-factor test results, the author proposed the priority governance implications that the author suggested in order of priority, respectively, interesting work, performance evaluation, organization, salary, bonus and welfare regime, and training and promotion.
Climate change is a serious threat to agricultural productivity and food security. These changes are more critical in arid and semi-arid areas. Crop growth models are the tools used for transformation of traditional production technology to adapt changing climate. Keeping in view the current climate change impact on agriculture a two years field study was conducted at Faisalabad, Sheikhupura and Hafizabad. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement. There were three replications. Transplanting dates (1st, 15th and 30th July) were randomized in main plots while fine rice varieties (Super Basmati, Shaheen Basmati, Basmati-2000, and Basmati-515) were randomized in sub plots. Data were collected on crop growth, development, yield and light interception using standard procedures and analyzed statistically at 5% probability (Steel et al., 1997). CSM-CERES-Rice model in the shell of Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT v 4.5) was calibrated, evaluated and validated. After this the model was used for assessing risk, under changing climate of Punjab. Number of fertile tillers per m2, kernels per panicle, 1000-kernels weight, total dry matter, paddy yield, leaf area index, radiation use efficiency, length width ratio and water absorption ratio were significantly affected by environments (years, locations), transplanting dates and varieties. Model calibrated phenology for four varieties reasonably with RMSE 2.5, 1.3, 2.8 and 1.6 for anthesis, 2, 3, 2 and 3 for physiological maturity, 0.99, 0.87, 0.1.21 and 1.01 for LAI, 766, 745, 742 and 227 kg ha-1 for TDM and 138, 740, 264 and 241 kg ha-1 for yield of Super Basmati, Shaheen Basmati, Basmati-515 and Basmati-2000 respectively. Climate change analysis indicated drastic effects of increase in temperature on rice production. Under the current scenario, it seemed that yield will decreased by 16.5% to 30.7% from early to late century (2014-2099).