الالتفات في القرآن الكريم دراسة تحليلية

The paper deals with the different styles  of iltifāt  found in the Holy Qur’ān  and coming out with a general scheme to account for its occurrence in order to enhance the understanding of the subtleties of this feature of Qur’ān ic style. To accomplish this, the research was carried out by way of an analytical study of the instances of iltifāt  in the Holy Qur’ān. As a prelude to the discussion of this subject, the research provides the meaning of iltifāt  among the Arab rhetoricians and the status of iltifāt  as one of the rhetorical tropes. The paper also discussed the significations of iltifāt  which have already been mentioned by previous scholars, and since those scholars touched on the significations only briefly, therefore, the research strived to explore further aspects of their interpretations making an effort to highlight new significations of iltifat and an attempt to introduce a new approach in looking at the iltifāt  phenomenon, in different Sura’hs of          Qur’ān, to demonstrate the application of this new perspective. Finally the research shows that the occurrence of iltifÉt in the Qur’ān  follows certain patterns that are related to the intended significations at the various locations where they appear in the Qur’ān.

Causes and Impacts of Terrorism in Pakistan After 9/11: A Case Study of Fata and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Terrorism has strong effects on the behavior of people and the main factor to disturb the social, political and economic life of the people. It also disturbs the government and their routine activities in occupied region. After 9/11 attacks Pakistan joined the block formed in the war against terrorism like the United States and their allies. Pakistan gave much support to them against terrorist and insurgent groups in Afghanistan. Therefore Pakistan faced difficulties and complexities, like death, destruction and other sociopolitical impact because of Frontline ally in the anti-terrorist campaign. The consequences of those policies also brought terrorism in Pakistan, to counter that terrorism; Pakistan uses hard power and military operations. Military operation has also strong effects on the behavior of people and it played a destructive role in the disturbance of people’s lives and government activities in the FATA and KP. In FATA and Malakand Division-KP where the literacy is low and people have a strong belief in religion, they have strict culture norms. It was therefore easy for terrorist groups to mold people towards anti-state activities. As per this research the government carelessness, ideological clash between state and society, lack of public rights, illegal FM broadcasting and many other socio-political and economic factors were the reasons for the attraction of terrorism in the region. Peace building without hard approach, i.e. military operations were possible in FATA and KP. Other measures, particularly diplomatic means, proper mediations or peace deal could be applied before resorting to military operations. However the government did not try them and went to full scale war. The unwise behavior of government opened room for terrorist groups to have footing there in FATA and KP