With the help of contingency model the researcher has tried to examine the way in which alignment among different contingent variables and MA practices can improve performance of manufacturing sector of Pakistan. Out of the variables examined, the hypothesis suggest that the advance manufacturing technology pertaining to management accounting practices, strategy pertaining to both management accounting practices and performance of corporation, structure pertaining to management accounting practices, market orientation pertaining to performance of the corporation and competitive environment pertaining to management accounting practices are in line with many earlier researches i.e. in these cases alternative hypothesis was supported whereas size of the corporation and qualification ofaccountant pertaining to both management accounting practices and performance of the corporation, structure pertaining to performance of the corporation, top management support and market orientation pertaining to management accounting practices and finally competitive environment pertaining to performance of the corporation were not in line with previous researches, i.e. the researcher fails to reject to null hypothesis. As far as influence of management accounting practices on performance of corporation; its mediating influence on the relationship between strategy, structure and performance of a corporation in Pakistani manufacturing sector are concerned, these were found to be in line with earlier researches i.e. in these cases alternative hypothesis was supported. Methodology: Explanatory (causal) research design was utilized in this study. Stratified sampling technique was used to collect primary data of manufacturing corporations of Pakistan through questionnaire. To assess the contingency model of management accounting practices in manufacturing sector of Pakistan, various test of validity, reliability along with regression and mediation analysis were applied. Finally interviews with industry professionals were also carried out to have a better understanding of contingency model. Practical Implications: This study will not only enhance the understanding regarding different management accounting practices followed by manufacturing sector of Pakistan xii and the factors affecting it but also helps management to identify the factors effecting companies performance. Research Limitations: At first the performance of corporation was measured throughout by using qualitative methods instead of quantitative methods which lacks objectivity. Secondly, the research has been carried out on one sector i.e. manufacturing.Thirdly the data was not longitudinal i.e. information was compiled at specific point in time. Furthermore, this study depends upon a questionnaire that is certainly not free from biasness. Originality/value: By placing a management accounting techniques in a contingency model a progression will be made by the researcher with respect to Pakistan to the extent that management accounting practices can be used in a contingency model to assess the effect of these practices on listed manufacturing company’s performance. As researcher has not found such type of effort with respect to developing county like Pakistan, therefore, a theoretical progress in knowledge may be accomplished through this research.
مولانا عاشق حسین سیماب اکبر آبادی افسوس ہے پچھلے دودن کے ہی آگے پیچھے سے اردو کی بساط شعروادب کے دوپرانے اورنامور مہرے اٹھ گئے۔مولانا عاشق حسین سیماب اکبر آبادی اور مولانا احسان اﷲ خاں تاجورؔ نجیب آبادی آج کل کے عام شاعروں کی طرح شاعر یاادیب ہی نہیں تھے بلکہ صاحب فن استاذ،علم عروض ومعانی وبیان اور لغت و قواعد لسان کے بڑے مبصر اورناقد بھی تھے۔مولانا سیماب۱۸۸۰ء میں آگرہ میں پیداہوئے اورجنوری۱۹۵۱ء میں کراچی میں انتقال کرگئے شاعری اٹھارہ انیس برس کی عمر سے ہی شروع کردی تھی اس طرح گویا مرحوم نے پوری ایک نصف صدی اردو زبان وادب کی خدمت میں بسر کی۔اس مدت میں سینکڑوں چھوٹی بڑی کتابیں اوربے شمار مقالات،نظمیں وغیرہ ان کے قلم سے نکلیں۔ان کے شاگردوں کاحلقہ بھی نہایت وسیع تھا جو خط وکتابت کے ذریعہ ان کی فنی بصیرت ومہارت سے استفادہ کرتارہتاتھا۔ابتدا میں اگرچہ مرزاداغ سے مشورہ سخن کرتے تھے مگر جلد ہی ان کااپنا ایک مخصوص رنگ قائم ہوگیا۔کثرت مطالعہ وفکر عمیق نے ان میں شعروادب سے متعلق ایک مجتہدانہ شان پیداکردی تھی۔وہ کسی کے مقلد نہیں تھے بلکہ ہرچیز اورہرشعری وادبی مسئلہ کے متعلق اپنی ایک جچی تلی سنجیدہ اورمتین رائے رکھتے تھے اورعلیٰ وجہ البصیرت رکھتے تھے۔انھوں نے اپنی زندگی میں بڑے بڑے طوفانی اورانقلابی دوردیکھے جس نے ادب وشعر کی پرانی قدروں کومتزلزل کرکے رکھ دیا اورصورت ومعنی دونوں کے لحاظ سے شاعری کی دنیا میں ہنگامہ برپاکردیا، لیکن مرحوم ایک چٹان بنے اپنے مقام پرکھڑے رہے یہاں تک کہ انقلاب فکروسخن کی موجیں ان سے ٹکرائیں اوربالآخر راستہ کاٹ کر ان سے دامن بچاکر نکل گئیں۔یہ سب کچھ اس لیے ہوسکا کہ مرحوم طرزقدیم کے حامل ہونے کے ساتھ وقت کے جدید تقاضوں سے بھی بے خبر نہ تھے اورقدیم وجدید میں ہم آہنگی پیداکرلینے کاان میں بڑااچھا سلیقہ تھا۔آخر عمر...
Epilepsy is a neurological disease in which people suffer from seizure attack and lose the normal function of brain. Almost 50 million people have epilepsy in the world due to which it has become the most common neurological disease. Early prediction of epilepsy helps patients to avoid epilepsy and live normal life. Many studies have been conducted for the early prediction of epilepsy. However, selection of the most appropriate classifier has always been a question that needs to be resolved. In this study, we are using six classifiers of machine learning which are KNN, Naïve Bayes, Linear Classification Model, Discriminant Analysis Model, Support Vector Machine and Decision Tree, to find the best classifier for the prediction of epileptic seizures, in term of accuracy. Dataset from “Kaggle†was used. Preprocessing and cross-validation of the data was carried out for training and testing of classifiers. The results depict that Naive Bayes classifier has a better average accuracy of 95.739% as compared to other classifiers. The future work of this study is to implement the suggested model in real time, so that the workload of medical members could be reduced.
To study the effect of transient non-thermal mobility in surface-subsurface heterogeneous catalytic reaction, simulation work has been done for CO-O 2 and CO- NO catalytic reaction on different surfaces. One class of transient non-thermal mobility of species includes Ely-Rideal (ER) mechanism. The first simple lattice gas model was introduced by Ziff, Gulari and Barshad, as a computer simulation model and is known as the ZGB model, which was used to study CO- O 2 reaction system. It has been found through simulation that ER mechanism generates features in the ZGB model that brings it closer to the real system. The Consideration of ER mechanism annihilates second order phase transition of the ZGB model and the reaction rate begins to increase as soon as feed concentration CO departs from zero, which is consistent with the experimental results. The other class of transient non-thermal mobility is precursor mechanism. This mechanism adds some additional features in the phase diagram of a particular catalytic reaction, which could not be observed by considering the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. In the precursor mechanism, three different ranges of the surface environment have been investigated. Each environment consists of specific pattern for set of sites around the striking site. It is observed that the reactive window depends on the mobility of the precursors. It is also observed that when the probability of the precursor is increased, the production rates increases. Furthermore, the simulation is also performed to investigate the effect of diffusion of CO on the ZGB model. It has been found that the effect of diffusion of CO on the ZGB model is to increase the mobility of CO on the surface and hence the reaction rate increases with the result that the transition point y 2 shifts towards higher concentration of CO. However, the effect of diffusion of CO has no effect on the second order phase transition point y 1. The effect of diffusion of CO and N (atom) for CO-NO catalytic reaction has also been studied on BCC lattice. The effect of diffusion of CO and N on the production rates is found in the high concentration of CO. This mechanism is found responsible for slight increase in the window width where the concentration of CO is high. Through these models some experimental results have been reproduced of the real system.