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Home > An Assessment of Magnitude and Correlates of Poverty in Jhang District

An Assessment of Magnitude and Correlates of Poverty in Jhang District

Thesis Info

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Author

Muhammad Mehboob Alam

Program

PhD

Institute

Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Economics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12031/1/muhammad%20mehboob%20alam%20economics%202019%20szabist%20karachi%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724482526

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Poverty means different things to different people. There are many different approaches to defining poverty but the basic needs approach is commonly applied, particularly in developing countries where a bigger majority of the people struggle to attain a predetermined minimum level of income to satisfy their basic needs. The research study on “An assessment of magnitude and correlates of Poverty in Jhang District” was carried out with the objective to document the status and trend analysis of poverty situation in all four sub-districts of Jhang District, Punjab. It is an attempt at estimating the incidence, intensity and severity of poverty and identified the determinants of poverty as well the poverty coping strategies among the households in Jhang district. (A medium size city of Punjab Province, Pakistan.). The analysis of the study carried out on the basis of primary data and all data have been collected through a specifically designed questionnaire with a sample of 1000 households in its background in the selected villages of all four sub districts (Tehsil) of Jhang District, Punjab. This study has used bivariate and Multivariate analysis (income regression model and logistic model) to determine how various indicators of the poverty such as socioeconomic, demographic and social characteristics of households affect the poverty incidence in Jhang District. According to the survey conducted in 2016-17, 54% are below the Poverty Line in Jhang District. Depth and severity of poverty are 36% and 13% respectively. It is also noted that 16% of people are extremely poor whose income is Rs. 1515. The people of the area are found poorer compared to that of 33% in Punjab Province and 36% in Pakistan and 31% in the world. Education is the most significant factor that distinguishes the poor from the non-poor. Results of the logistic regression suggest that an increase in the landholding, livestock and total assets of the household have considerably decreasing the probability of being poor in the Jhang district. In the income regression analysis that size of household is the prime determinant of the per capita income of the household as a 1 % positive increase in the size of the household would decrease more than 1% per capita income of the household. It implies that the size of the household can add well to the level of poverty incidence in the Jhang district, Punjab. The results of logistic model shows that age of the households head, household size, household head is illiterate, household head is farmer, household head is daily wager or labor, residence in kacha(made of mud) house was positively and significantly correlated with the probability being poor while households satisfaction with education facilities and household have members in abroad for income purpose are negatively and significantly correlated with the probability of being poor.The results of the logistic regression suggest that an increase in the landholding, livestock and total assets of the household have considerably decreased the probability of being poor in the Jhang district. Moreover, the results show that an increase in the earners per household significantly reduce the probability of being poor in the Jhang district. Education plays an important role in the reduction of poverty and improving the socio-economic status of households. The results signify that educational attainment is significantly related to the likelihood of being poor in the Jhang district, Punjab.The ownership of the agriculture land and livestock is considered good for the reduction of the rural poverty in Pakistan. The estimated results of the logistic regression revealed that the coefficients of the landholding and livestock are negative and statistically significant in all four models. This indicates that an increase in the landholding and livestock of the households will reduce the probability of being poor in the Jhang district. The ownership of farming land and livestock have a significant impact on the reducing the probability that a household is poor. Similarly, the total assets of the households have also a negative and significant effect on the probability of being poor as the estimated coefficients of the total assets in all three models are negative and highly significant.Finally the dissertations conclude that it is important to examine these issues and address them on a long-term sustainable basis for all households at macro and micro level. Private individuals, industrialists, philanthropists, landlords, businessmen, and farmers all stakeholders collectively have to play a positive role in this regard. The primary and secondary data used in this study would help policymakers to design result-oriented programmes that would address poverty (Its magnitude and Correlates) in the study area.
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شملہ معاہدہ

شملہ معاہدہ
مسعود راجپوت
یہ 1972ء کی بات ہے ۔لاہور کے ائیر پورٹ پر ملک کے حکومتی اور اپوزیشن کے سرکردہ راہنما خان عبدالولی ،مولانا مفتی محمود شاہ احمد نورانی ،پروفیسر غفور احمد ،سردار شوکت حیات ،گورنر وزرا ئے اعلیٰ ،وفاقی اور صوبائی وزیر بیورو کریٹ بڑی تعداد میں موجود ہیں ۔جو ملک صدر ذوالفقار ولی بھٹو کو ہندوستان روانگی کے وقت ملی یکجہتی اتفاق اور اعتماد کے ساتھ رخصت کر رہے ہیں تاکہ بھارت کو معلوم ہو کہ ایک بڑا سانحہ جو بنگلہ دیش کی صورت میں واقع پذیر ہو ا تھا اس کے علاوہ 5000مربع میل علاقہ 93000جنگی قیدی جو بھارت کی قید میں تھے کے باوجود یہ قوم اب ایک چٹان کی طرح متحد قوم ہے اور اب یہاں فوجی نہیں عوامی حکومت قائم ہے ۔قائد عوام تمام لیڈروں سے گلے ملے اور سب کے اعتماد اور دعائوں کے ساتھ رخصت ہوئے ۔اگلے دن شملہ میں مذکرات کی میز سچ گئی ۔پاکستانی وفد کی قیادت ذوالفقار علی بھٹو کر رہے ہیں جو نیلے لکیر دار سوٹ میں ملبوس ہیں جبکہ بھارتی وفد کی سربراہی اندرا گاندھی کر رہی ہیں ۔جو بنارس کی ساڑھی میں ملبوس ہے ۔بھارتی وفف کا غرور اور تکبر دیکھنے والا ہے کیونکہ وہ جنگ 71ء کا فاتح ہے جبکہ ذوالفقار علی بھٹو خالی ہاتھ ہے ۔مذکرات کئی گھنٹے جاری رہے بات کبھی نبتی تو کبھی بگڑ جاتی ہے بھارت کشمیر سے دستبردار ہو نے اور بنگلہ دیش تسلیم کر نے پر اڑا ہو اہے ۔جبکہ پاکستان دونوں باتوں کے لیے تیار نہیں ۔پاکستان اپنے علاقے اور قیدیوں کی باعزت واپسی چاہتا ہے ۔وفود کے چہروں پر مایوسی ہے ۔دنیا بھر کے اخبار نویس انتظار میں ہیں کہ کیا ہوتا ہے اچانک ذوالفقار علی بھٹو اندرا گاندھی کو لان میں ایک طرف لے جا کر گفتگو کر رہے ہیں تما م لوگ...

MIND OVER MATTER: THE REQUIRED PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES FOR COGNITIVE ALERTNESS AMONG PAKISTANI GERIATRIC POPULATION

Background and Objective: Aging is influenced by culture, individual experiences, and socio-demographic characteristics along with societal expectations. Cognitive functioning and activity level in geriatric population may alter their participation in daily life activities thus this study aims to explore the required physical and social activities for cognitive alertness among Pakistani Geriatric population. Methodology: An observation based study of 169 aging individuals who performed on MoCA for cognitive functioning and interviewed on IPAQ for duration of physical activity in everyday life. Results: It is an observational study, conducted among the geriatric population of different areas of Pakistan. A total number of 169 individuals participated out of which 59 % were males and 40 % were females with a majority of the population 74% falling between 65-75 years of age. It was found that 59% of the male and only 19% of the female had 22 score on MoCA for cognitive functioning and these individuals were practicing physical activities such as brisk walk for 3 days a week for more than 40 minutes and are involve at least once a week in social activities. Conclusion: The research finding concluded that physical activities and social gathering both has impact on cognitive function of geriatric population to participate actively in daily activities.

Interoperability of Telecommunications Equipment for Central Monitoring and Diagnostics

Telecommunications networks are ever growing and rapidly expanding. Their management becomes complicated with same kind of equipment purchased from differ- ent manufacturers and incorporation of newer technologies to accommodate customer demands. In such a scenario, modeling of an ever changing telecommunications network becomes complicated. Automatic methods are necessary and modeling of event/alarm intensity becomes crucial for monitoring of a telecommunication network in these settings. The framework of Salmenkivi [1, 2] has been extended to incorporate classical Poisson likelihood and Bayesian integrated likelihoods proposed by Scargle [3]. Scargle has proposed three Bayesian integrated likelihoods to segment γ−ray bursts coming from the space. He has used these Bayesian integrated likelihoods with hierarchical algorithm to segment the data to model intensity of Gamma ray bursts. Two of those three likelihoods mentioned as Scargle1 and Scargle2 likelihoods are used under both hierarchical and dynamic programming algorithms to model intensity of event/alarm data collected from a typical telecommunications network. Unlike Salmenkivi, this study directly considers the discrete event/alarm data. Event/alarm data collected from telecommunications networks and a large amount of synthetic datasets are processed with hierarchical and dynamic programming algorithms by employing classical Poisson and Bayesian integrated likelihoods. The same data has also been processed with hierarchical Bayesian models proposed by Green [4] and Dobigeon et al., [5, 6]. The results of hierarchical and dynamic programming algorithms are compared with those obtained from hierarchical Bayesian models. Finally, the British coal mining disasters dataset is processed with hierarchical and dynamic programming algorithms in various time resolutions. This is done to focus on event/alarm thresholds below 1. New results have emerged and a different behavior of classical Poisson and Bayesian integrated likelihoods has been found and reported. A novel hierarchical Bayesian model has been proposed and simulated with Gibbs sampler that models time differences between events/alarms.