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Home > An Evaluation of Public Sector Teaching Training in Khyber Pukhtoon Khawa

An Evaluation of Public Sector Teaching Training in Khyber Pukhtoon Khawa

Thesis Info

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Author

Reba, Amjad

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Peshawar

City

Peshawar

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2012

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11984/1/Amjad%20%20Reba%20Education%202012%20uni%20of%20peshwar%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724488157

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the teacher education program in Khyber-Pakhtonkhwa with the objectives, to point out perception of the trainees,teachers and directors/principals of different programs related to different aspects of teacher education institutes, to compare the perception of elementary and secondary trainee teachers and to suggest a ten year action plan for teacher education program in Khyber-Pakhtonkhwa. To obtain quantitative and qualitative data in the study, mixed methodology was used which employed a survey questionnaire with 72 items and interview contained 20 items grouped under seven broad categories. Ten regional institutes for teacher education (RITEs), five each male and female and five institutes of education and research (IERs) were the sample institutes. Similarly, 50 trainees and 05 teachers’ from each institute were also selected randomly. The total sample includes 750 trainees, 75 teachers and 15 principals/ directors. Survey questionnaires received from trainees were 600 with 60 from teachers and interview of 15 directors and principals. To analyze quantitative data, statistical procedures were run using SPSS version 16.0. Teachers and trainees perceptions about the teacher education program were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Secondly, the Kruskal Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test were also used. As for as qualitative data analysis is concerned, the results from the interview with directors and principals were documented, while taking notes by the researcher. It was found that up to 47% trainees and 33% teachers do not have internet facility in their institutes. Nearly 40% of the trainees revealed that seminars, work shops and conferences were not carried out in the institutes. Half of the teachers and trainees responded that curriculum can not accommodate individual differences and aims can not be achieved through the present curriculum. Most of the 78.5% trainees and 78.3% teachers admitted the fact that faculty members were cooperative. Approximately 61.7% teachers and 47.7% trainees reported that there were hindrances in the teaching learning process. According to 35.3% of trainees 46.7% teachers malpractices were observed in examination. As far as the procedure of the lesson plans is concerned 47.3% trainees and 70.3% teachers admitted that they were outdated. The qualitative data reflect broad consensus that access for every learner to modern technology could be made possible. There is always a strong base for the argument about the need for allocation of budget to education. As reflected by the respondents, curriculum must be equipped with the national and international requirements. The situation is further compounded by the fact that many teachers join teaching by chance not by choice. So it is obligatory to conduct aptitude tests before admission. The teacher should take initiative to use the learning aids properly and activate the learner.Most of the participants of this study tend to concentrate upon the use of assessment in different ways and before assessing the learner have to know about the nitty gritty of assessment. The data reflect broad consensus that a teacher may be a good researcher and must be able to tackle classroom problems. There is a need to link research with practice in order to facilitate learning and school life as a whole. It is recommended that all vacant posts in teacher training institutes may be filled, to introduce modern assessment techniques, to strengthen teaching practicum and improve research activities in teacher education institutes. An action plan was launched for further implementation.
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14۔اندھی تقلید

پاکستانی معاشرے میں مذہبی تقلید کا بہت زیادہ رواج ہے ۔ شریعت مطہرہ نے اجتہاد کا دروازہ قیامت تک کے لیے کھلا رکھا ہے اور مجتہد کے لیے اجر کا فیصلہ تو ہر صورت میں موجود ہے۔ ہم جب فقہ اسلامی کا مطالعہ کرتے ہیں تو واضح طور پر یہ نظر آتا ہے کہ متقدمین کے فیصلوں سے متاخرین نے اختلاف بھی کیا ہے اور اسے غلط روش بھی نہیں سمجھا گیا۔ حالات اورعرف کے مطابق فیصلوں میں تبدیلی کی گنجائش بہر حال موجود رہتی ہے، لیکن ہمارے ہاں اسے گناہ یا گناہ جیسا تصور کیا جاتاہے۔ لہذا اس امر کی اشد ضرورت ہے کہ حالات کے تناظر میں فقہی جمود سے پہلوتہی اختیار کرتے ہوئے فقہ المقارن سے استفادہ کرکے امت کو آسانی کی طرف لایا جائے ۔اس طرح سے کی جانے والی قانون سازی سے مجرموں کو سزا ہر صورت میں ملے گی۔ یہ اندھی تقلید شرعی سزاؤں میں معاون نہیں ہوتی بلکہ یہ حدود کے فیصلوں کو شبہ کی بنا پر تعزیرات کی طرف لے جانے کا سبب بن رہی ہیں ۔

سامى اديان ميں طریقہ طلاق

For the development of human society, when male and female get into the bond of marriage, they not only crave for having long lasting relationship but also desire it to be protected and preserved. But sometimes, the state of affairs turn out in such a way that this marital bond is vitictimized by the mutual differences and grow to such an extent that husband and wife end up in divorce. Separation of a married couple is viewed as a dreadful act in any society of the world. However, sometimes a couple is better off without this relation as a result of growing differences. Different religions have suggested different waysin this regard by explaining how husband and wife can lead a detached life. Divorce is an act which breaks the agreement of marriage. Different religions propose different laws and traditions for divorce. In this paper, we will discuss divorce laws and traditions that come under Semitic religions (Judaism,  Christianity, and Islam) in specific.

Effect of Transition Metals Doping on the Properties of Zno Thin Films

Nanotechnology is a technology of resizing and the applications of nanosized materials. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures became a potential candidate in various applications due to their direct wide bandgap, high exciton binding energy, good chemical stability, radiation hardness, notable optoelectrical, pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties. By doping with different metals (T = Co, Mg, Sr, Sb and P) into ZnO matrix, various properties of ZnO nanostructure could be tuned. The aim of this dissertation was to develop a simple approach to synthesis as-grown and T-doped ZnO by using hydrothermal technique because of its low cost, simple solution process, environment friendly and easy to handle. The grown samples were characterized to study the enhancement in different functional properties for applied applications. The first part of dissertation deals with synthesis of as-grown ZnO nanostructure via hydrothermal method. Microstructural and morphological properties of as-grown and annealed ZnO can be calculated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Williamson-Hall (W-H) analysis via three different models of uniform deformation model (UDM), uniform deformation stress model (UDSM) and uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) respectively. These models were used to calculate other physical parameters such as stress, strain and energy density values. The results showed that the estimated value of crystallite size (D) from W-H analysis by using UDM is highly inter-correlated with the particle size estimated from TEM and do not show much deviation. The second part of the dissertation demonstrates hydrothermal synthesis of T-doped ZnO and study the effect of T dopant levels on the morphological, microstructural, dielectric, magnetic and optical properties of ZnO nanostructure. Dielectric constant of cobalt (Co) doped ZnO samples have been found to be decreased by increasing the dopant levels. Loss tangent results of doped samples reveals the decrease in hopping frequency of charge carriers between metals ions with dopant ion. Considerable increases of optical bandgap while maintaining good hexagonal structure with no other impurity by increasing the Co dopant concentration have been observed. The antimony (Sb) doping shows stronger effect on the length of nanowires (NWs) which is ~ 11 times longer and slight red-shift is observed in photoluminescence (PL) peak as compared to as-grown ZnO. It is argued that the observed red-shift and broadening in PL response are associated with Sb-doping level and/or from Sb defect states partially. For strontium (Sr) doped ZnO films, the surface morphological, microstructural properties, optical binding energy and band-to-band emission have been examined. It is observed that the crystalline quality improved by increasing the Sr dopant level while optical bandgap and band-to-band emission is decreased due to lattice distortion and generation of active defects in ZnO crystal; it may cause bandgap tailing. Magnesium (Mg) doped ZnO nanorods (NR‘s) samples were annealed at 450 ºC, 550 ºC and 650 ºC under the argon (Ar) environment. The XRD spectrum shows that the Mg-doped ZnO NR‘s are crystalline in nature and wurtzite hexagonal phase. The particle size of 550 ºC and 650 ºC Mg-doped ZnO NR‘s estimated from TEM is ~ 126 and 154 nm respectively. We have studied the progression of crystallite size (D) through the use of X-ray peak profile analysis (XPPA). Scherrer formula and three different models of W-H analysis are used which show the increase in grain size and decrease in microstrain by increasing the annealing temperature of Mg-doped ZnO NR‘s. Phosphorus (P) doped ZnO samples have been sintered in air in the range 500-1000 ºC with a step of 100 ºC for one hour in a programmable diffusion furnace. It is observed that forward shift in 2 theta value of the XRD pattern of ZnO sintered at 1000 ºC occurs. This forward shift may correlate with the involvement of P ions with vacancy at Zn-site. Theoretical calculations on a 32-atom super cell of P-doped ZnO further supported the argument and suggests the phosphorous dopant are shallow acceptor PZn-2VZn complex on Zn-site. Typical PL spectra displayed band-to-band emission peak and an additional donor-acceptor peak at ~ 3.14 eV in all P-doped samples.