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Home > An Exploration of Motivation and Attitude of Teachers Towards English As Medium of Instruction in Rural Pakistan.

An Exploration of Motivation and Attitude of Teachers Towards English As Medium of Instruction in Rural Pakistan.

Thesis Info

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Author

Hashmi, Zawar Hussain Shah

Program

PhD

Institute

National University of Modern Languages

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

English Language & Literature

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/14525/1/Zawar_Hussain_Shah_Hashmi_English_2016_NUML.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724491254

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History of medium of instruction in Pakistan is marked by alternations mainly between two languages i.e. Urdu and English, the former being its national while the latter official language. Lately, the government of Punjab took an ostensibly decisive step in this regard by imposing EMI (English as Medium of Instruction) for content subjects in all public sector schools of Punjab. It led to a complex situation because the teachers, expected to use EMI, are in no way different from EFL learners of any level in their proficiency. In view of this situation, the current study was designed to explore the motivation and attitude of the teachers of rural areas towards EMI policy of the Punjab government. A survey from six districts of Punjab (selected on the basis of Human Development Index) was conducted using triangulation as a data collection technique. Following convenience sampling 100 questionnaires were distributed among the teachers from each of the selected districts making it thus a total of 600 questionnaires overall. Interviews of 25 pricipals/incharges of the schools were conducted with at least three from each of the six districts. A hybridization of socio-educational model of R. C. Gardner and WTC (Willingness to Communicate) model by MacIntyre was used for theoretical grounding and for the purpose of instrumentation. Percentages and chi-square were used to find variation on the basis of gender, age and qualification. Correlation and regression analyses were used to discover the nature of relationship among the selected variables. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to confirm the path from motivation to WTC as hypothesized (but found not confirmed) by Yashima (2002). The path from motivation towards WTC was confirmed through SEM. Qualification was found to be the most important predictor of motivation. The teachers were discovered not to be motivated by any means at present. However, a predominantly optimistic view was found existent among the participants about the future of EMI. Training was pointed out as one of the most important requirements by the teachers. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that these teachers should be provided intensive language training to develop adequate proficiency.
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میں نے بس تجھ کو چاہا ہے

میں نے بس تجھ کو چاہا ہے
کون سا ایسا جرم کیا ہے

لوگ مجھے کیوں دیکھ رہے ہیں
مجھ سے کیا کچھ غلط ہوا ہے

تجھ کو جس کی خبر نہیں ہے
تیری یاد میں سوکھ چکا ہے

اُس سے اتنی نفرت کیوں ہے
وہ تو تیرا دوست رہا ہے

تیری جدائی سہوں مَیں کیسے؟
تُو کیوں مجھ سے دور گیا ہے

آج کی رات نہ سو پائوں گا
گلی میں تجھ کو دیکھ لیا ہے

تیری گلی میں جاتا کیوں ہوں
ہوش کہاں مجھ کو رہتا ہے

کوئی تو بات ہے دل میں تیرے
میں نے یہ محسوس کیا ہے

رات بنی ہے سونے کو جی
جانے تُو کیوں جاگ رہا ہے

علم قراءات اور دیگر دینی علوم کا باہمی تعلق

It is clear from the fact that Allah has revealed the Quran in seven letters. And there are many things hidden in it. These are important to make Quranic readiness easier for people who read, and translate translation of Quranic words, in the contemporary interpretation of the meaning of Wafa'am and Ahmah Mussel, to smooth the path of extravagance and ease for the Umrah period. There are many such sciences that stand on the basis of different types of trees. These verses are explaining the meaningful meaning of Quranic interpretation in the Qur'aan, based on the verses of the Qur'aan, a faqha is a knowledge of a profession in the verses of the Quran, that is, in fact, the interpretation of Salaf is mentioned in the verses, On the basis of them, the Koran receives discrimination and Ejaz, which is mentioned in Koran in case of Kaafir's challenge. وَإنْ کُنْتُمْ فِیْ رَیْبٍ مِّمَّا نَزَّلْنَا عَلٰی عَبْدِنَا فَأتُوْا بِسُوْرَۃٍ مِّنْ مِّثْلِہِ وَادْعُوْا شُھَدَاء کُمْ مِّنْ دُوْنِ اﷲِ إنْ کُنْتُمْ صٰدِقِیْنَ فَاِنْ لَّمْ تَفْعَلُوْا ولن تفعلوا۔ "And if you suspect that this book which we ascend to our servant, it is not ours, so make one Surah like it, call our new ones, except for Allah Take the help you want, if you are truthful then do this work, but you did not do this and could never believe. " In relation to knowledge, other scholars and scholars (interpretation, jurisprudence, problems, beliefs, knowledge, knowledge and virtue of Muslim tradition) will be cleared.

Fractional Transmission Lines and Waveguides in Electromagnetics

Fractional curl operator has been utilized to derive the fractional dual solutions for different planar boundaries. Perfect electric conductor (PEC), impedance, and perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) planar boundaries have been investigated and the behavior of fractional dual solutions is studied with respect to the fractional parameter. The knowledge of fractional dual solutions has been extended by studying the fractional parallel plate waveguides, fractional transmission lines and the fractional rectangular waveguides. Fractional parallel plate waveguides with PEC, impedance, and PEMC walls as original problems have been studied for the field distribution inside the guide region and transverse impedance of the guide walls. The investigations have also been given for the fractional parallel plate chiro waveguides. Fractional transmission lines of symmetric and non-symmetric nature have been analyzed for their intermediate behavior and the impedance matching condition has been derived in terms of the fractional parameter. The fractional rectangular impedance waveguide has also been investigated. The fractional dual solutions and impedance have been compared with the reference results which have been found in good agreement for limiting values of the fractional parameter.