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Home > An Exploration of Multi Level Barriers to Neonatal Hearing Screening Nhs in Islamabad, Pakistan

An Exploration of Multi Level Barriers to Neonatal Hearing Screening Nhs in Islamabad, Pakistan

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Jamil, Nazia

Program

PhD

Institute

Isra University

City

Hyderabad

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Rehabilitation Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10818/1/Nazia%20Jamil_Rehabilitation%20Sci_2018_Isra_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724491634

Similar


Hearing impairment (HI) in children is globally prevalent and neonatal hearing screening (NHS) programs detect hearing loss(HL) in newborns at the earliest stage for early intervention leading towards rehabilitation. Such NHS programs have been established in the developed countries since decades and are also being implemented in many developing countries except Pakistan. Initiationof NHS programs is not the priority of the health policy makers and except for the Government of Sindh the federal nor any of the provincial governments have legislated on NHS.The present study is based upon the perceptions of parents of hearing impaired (HI) children in the special schools and hospitals and puts forward the proposition that although HI children are suffering and eventually placing a financial and economic burden ,with its negative societal impact affecting the speech and language development and compromising on the quality of life of the HI child , no initiative has been taken by the federal government to address the lack of NHS in Pakistan.Interviews were conducted with the health policy makers and hospital administrators. The barriers to NHS comprise of policy, legislative and operational barriers and the priority accorded to NHS is at the lowest rung of the health care agenda in Pakistan. What is perceived to be lacking in the initiation, planning and implementation of any NHS program in Pakistan is that there is not enough priority accorded to it perhaps as it is not sensationalised in the electronic and press media to catch the attention of the policy makers. As HI is not a visible disability it is not perceived to be a serious public health issue amongst the public. The international health organizations have not put their weight and technical assistance nor voiced any support for initiating of NHS in Pakistan.Hence the health policy makers do not feel any compulsion to adhere to international declarations and conventions on NHS. The non existence of NHSand late detection of HI in Pakistan costs deeply in economic and financial terms to the state and individuals as well in the long term. Data about the prevalence of HL is available to some extent but admittedly there is paucity of research on NHS and the concerned health authorities have not advocated any research in the public sector.
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2۔ قتل شبہ عمد

2۔ قتل شبہ عمد
امام ابو حنیفہ ؒ کے نزدیک قتل شبہ عمد سے مراد
"قصد اور ارادہ کے ساتھ ایسی چیز سے مارے جو ہتھیار نہیں ہے اور نہ ہی وہ چیز قائم مقام ہتھیار کے ہے۔ "193
امام ابو یوسف ؒ اور امام محمد ؒ کے نزدیک قتل شبہ
"قصد اور ارادہ کے ساتھ ایسی چیز سے مارا جائے جس سے عام طور پر انسان کی موت واقع نہیں ہوتی ۔ اس مذکورہ صورت کو قتل شبہ عمد کہنے کی وجہ یہ ہے کہ ایسا آلہ استعمال کرنے کی وجہ سے جس سے عام حالات میں انسان ہلاک نہیں ہوتا ، قصداً اور بلارادہ قتل کرنے کے معنی ادھورے اور ناتمام رہ جاتے ہیں کیونکہ ایسے آلہ کے ذریعے مارنے سے قتل کرنے کے علاوہ دوسرا مقصد بھی ہو سکتا ہے، مثلاً تادیب، ڈرانا ، خوف زدہ کرنا ۔ لہذا اگر ایسے آلہ سے مارنے سے موت واقع ہو گئی تو وہ قتل شبہ عمد کہلائے گا۔ "194
قتل شبہ عمد کے احکام
1۔ قاتل گناہ گار ٹھہرے گا۔
2۔ قاتل پر کفارہ واجب ہوتا ہے اس لیے کہ اس قتل کو قتل خطا ء کے ساتھ مشابہت ہے ۔
3۔ تیسرا حکم قاتل کی مدد گار برادری پر دیت مغلظہ واجب ہو گی۔
عبداللہ بن عمرو  سے روایت ہے رسول اللہ ﷺنے دیت مغلظہ کے بارے میں ارشاد فرمایا
" قَتِيلُ السَّوْطِ وَالْعَصَا، مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، أَرْبَعُونَ مِنْهَا خَلِفَةً، فِي بُطُونِهَا أَوْلَادُهَا ۔ "195
" شبہ عمد یعنی خطا کا مقتول وہ ہے جو کوڑے یا لکڑی (چھڑی ، معمولی لکڑی) سے مارا جائے، اس میں سو 100 اونٹ ہیں دیت کے طور پر ، ان سو اونٹوں میں چالیس 40 ایسی اونٹنیاں ہیں جو حاملہ ہوں ۔ "
دیت مغلظہ یا تغلیظ دیت
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GENDER DIFFERENCE IN FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY AMONG PATIENT WITH NON-SPECIFIC CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN

Background of the Study: LBP is a common condition that can be specific or non-specific. Non-specific LBP, which has no known cause, is responsible for 90% of cases and causes pain in the back from the 12th rib to the inferior gluteal folds. Methodology: The study utilized a cross-sectional design in which both males and females completed the Oswestry low back questionnaire. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: 85 patients participated in the study with a mean age of 38±9.603. Pain levels varied among patients, with 23 reporting no pain, 29 with light pain, 23 with moderate pain, and 10 with pretty severe pain. Patients had varying degrees of self-care ability with 13 able to care for themselves without triggering pain and 4 requiring daily assistance. Most patients (75 out of 85) had minor disabilities, while 10 had moderate disabilities. The relationship between the ODI score and the question was found to be similar. Conclusion: The data suggest that individuals with non-specific chronic low back pain have only a limited impairment, and only a few suffer from moderate sickness that affects their social lives. Non-specific persistent low back pain is not connected with gender differences in functional impairment.

A Comparative Study of the Genotype Mtbdrplus® Assay Against a Standard Culture Method for Diagnosis and Drug Susceptibility Testing of Tuberculosis

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