43. Az-Zukhruf/Decoration of Gold
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
43:01
a. Ha. Mim.
43:02
a. By the Book of Divine Qur’an - clear in itself and clearly guiding to the truth.
43:03
a. Indeed, WE have made it a Qur’an in Arabic,
b. so that you may understand its meaning, comprehend its demands and live your lives accordingly.
43:04
a. And, indeed, this - The Divine Qur’an - is in the Mother of the Book with US -
b. it is truly exalted and full of wisdom.
43:05
a. O The Disbelievers!
b. Should WE withdraw the Reminder – The Divine Qur’an - from you just because you are a people gone beyond limits in its denial?
c. No. WE shall not!
43:06
a. And how many Prophets have WE assigned to the earlier people before you, O The Prophet!
43:07
a. Yet not one Prophet came to them whom they would not ridicule,
b. the same way people ridicule you and your message.
43:08
a. So WE destroyed those who were more powerful in prowess, strength, and might than them,
b. and thus they have become history.
43:09
a. And if indeed you were to ask them:
b. ‘Who created the celestial realm and the terrestrial world?’
c. They would surely answer:
d. ‘The Almighty, The All-Knowing created them.’
43:10
a. It is HE WHO made the earth a habitat for you, and
b. has set pathways within it for you so that you...
The duty of issuance Islamic legal verdict is a great job because the Mufti is the successor of the Prophets of Allah. He explains the commands of Allah — permissible and prohibited acts—and stops the disputes among the followers. The focal aspects of this research paper are the questions: What are the required conditions to be a reliable mufti? What are the points of agreement and differences among the four major schools of jurisprudence — Hanafi, Maliki, Shafa’i and Hanbali? The most important area of this paper is the question: What are the protocols and etiquettes of the procedure of issuance of a fatwa, the legal verdict, in our contemporary societies. In the first part of this paper, the analytical evaluation of the arguments presented by prominent jurists of the four major schools of Islamic Jurisprudence. This part suggests some points to reset the preferences because it is the need of time. The second part of the paper opines a number of suggestions to improve the manners, etiquettes and protocols of the procedure on part of a mufti. A mufti, being a representative of the seat of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), is not only responsible to Allah Almighty but also to wellbeing, security, and peace among the members of our society.
Let vertex and edge sets of graph G are denoted by V (G) and E(G), respectively. An edge-covering of G is a family of di erent subgraphs H1;H2; : : : ;Hk such that each edge of E(G) belongs to at least one of the subgraphs Hj , 1 j k. Then it is said that G admits an (H1;H2; : : : ;Hk)-(edge)covering. If every Hj is isomorphic to a given graph H, then G admits an H-covering. For axed graph H, a total labeling : V (G) [ E(G) ! f1; 2; : : : ; jV (G)j + jE(G)jg is said to be H-magic if all subgraphs of G isomorphic to H have the same weight. One can ask for di erent properties of a total labeling. The total labeling is said to be antimagic if the weights of subgraphs isomorphic to H are pairwise distinct. Further restriction on the weights of subgraphs provides (a; d)-H-antimagic labelings where the weights of subgraphs form an arithmetic progression with di erence d and rst element a. If graph G is a 2-connected plane graph then the H-antimagic labeling is equiva- lent to d-antimagic labeling of type (1; 1; 0), where weights of all faces form an arith- metic sequence having a common di erence d and the weight of a face under a labeling of type (1; 1; 0) is the sum of labels carried by the edges and vertices on its boundary. In therst part of the thesis we will study the notions, notations and de nitions about graphs and labeling of graphs. In the second part of the thesis, we have three chapters on newly obtained results. In the chapters, we examine the existence of Hk 2 -supermagic labelings for graphs Gk 2 obtained from two isomorphic graphs G and G0 by joining every couple of corre- sponding vertices v 2 V (G) and v0 2 V (G0) by a path of length k + 1. We show that graphs Gk(w), obtained from a graph G by joining all vertices in G to a vertex w by paths of length k + 1, keep super H-antimagic properties of the graph G. We also examine the existence of the (H G2)-supermagic labelings of Cartesian product G1 G2, where G1 admits an H-covering and G2 is a graph of even order. Addition- ally, we show that if a graph G admits a (super) (a; 1)-tree-antimagic labeling then the disjoint union of multiple copies of the graph G keeps the same property.