The service sector has always been playing an important role in the development of modern economies. Regarding services industry, the banking sector is playing its extraordinary part for boosting up growth of Pakistan. The employees in the service organizations and particularly those who have direct contact with customers, usually serve as representatives of both organization and their products or services. Further, all subordinates working in any organization wish to have flexible and tensionless working environment as job stressors adversely affect employee job outcomes. Hence, for better organizational performance, employees must be satisfied with their jobs and also free from work overload prevailing in their working environment. The main purpose of the research was to determine the impact of job stressors on organizational performance through employee job outcomes in the banking sector of Pakistan. The job stressors include role ambiguity and work overload, while, employee job outcomes include job stress, emotional exhaustion and turnover intention and finally organizational performance is comprised of service quality, customer satisfaction, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The study has examined the mediating role of employee job outcomes in transferring the impact of job stressors to organizational performance. The research has also assessed moderating role of employee empowerment in differentiating the impact of employee job outcomes on organizational performance. The study was based on primary data collected in the form of filled-in questionnaires from middle and lower management staff and concerned customers of the selected commercial banks. Based on a random sample selected (703 employees) from target population of 198 branches of eleven commercial banks operating in all four provincial capitals (Karachi, Peshawar, Quetta and Lahore) of Pakistan, the study received 519 usable questionnaires,i-e., a response rate of 73.82%. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was employed for testing research hypotheses for their validity. The research has yielded the most interesting and surprising results, thereby contributing new insights to the literature.The findings of the study show work overload as compared to role ambiguity, exerts truly detrimental effects upon employee job outcomes and organizational performance. The research has also found mix sort of results for work overload and also for employee job outcomes (job stress and emotional exhaustion) with organizational performance, but, did not obtain statistically significant relationship of turnover intention with even a single measure of organizational performance. Further, the research has found job stress, emotional exhaustion and turnover intention as potential mediators in association between job stressors and organizational performance, and also observed employee empowerment as potential moderator between employee job outcomes and organizational performance. Finally, the study provides support for few of the hypotheses yet there are some theoretical possibilities, which remained unconfirmed
Khuwaja Muhammad Khalil Khan (R.A) was born in 1920 A.D In Aligarh and completed his Islamic Education under Syed Amjad Ali Azmi, he was among of the prominent contemporary in the Literarily History of Subcontinent. His masterly work as reformer in the major fields of Islamic Sciences show his profound approach to them. He wrote on jurisprudence, Commentary on Hadith, Doctrines, and on societal problems. Of which few books are prescribed for syllabus at national and international seminaries. He led the foundation of AHSAN UL BARKAT in Hyderabad which is spring of scholars. His areas of studies comprises on different fields of Islamic Studies. His remarkable work on the particular fields also reflects his deep study on it. The aim of this paper is to produce before muslim ummah the unparalleled services of this great Hanafi scholar of Sindh; Khuwaja Muhammad Khalil Khan (RA) not only proved himself as a distinguished jurist, but also regarded as an authority by the scholars of the Pak o Hind, who used to refer him for the solution of religious problems.
Pakistan is a country blessed with a long coastline, a potentially resource rich EEZ and continental shelf. The country is strategically located at the cross-roads of Central Asia, South Asia, Middle East and China, at the mouth of the Persian Gulf. However, despite all the ingredients of a maritime power, Pakistan’s maritime sector has remained neglected. The mercantile sector has declined since the 70s; ship building and ship breaking industries are in poor state. Fishing, that provides sustenance to a large coastal population, has failed to keep pace with modernization. There has been no progress in the offshore exploration, and the country lacks capability to explore and exploit seabed resources. Throughout its existence, Pakistan has depended entirely on a single port complex for economic and security purposes. Realizing the importance of additional/ alternative ports the country decided to build two ports on the thus far neglected Makran coast- a naval port at Ormara and a commercial port at Gwadar. Gwadar, a natural deep water port, is conceived as a regional hub port, providing transit access to Central Asia, Russia and China, and lending trans-shipment facilities to regional ports. However, due to its strategic location astride the energy jugular of the world, it has raised many an eyebrows. In Pakistan’s perspective Gwadar is extremely important from security as well as economic point of view. For a country like Pakistan with such a vast coast and geo-strategic location, it is imperative to have a vibrant and effective maritime strategy, to benefit from its maritime potential. Pakistan needs to revamp its maritime sector and Gwadar is just the right catalyst to provide the foundation, as well as the stimulus. With right planning and execution, the port should help strengthen all the elements of maritime power and contribute significantly in national security and prosperity.