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Home > Analysis of Deforestation of Riverine Forest of Sindh Using Remote Sensing & Analytic Hierarchy Process Ahp Techniques

Analysis of Deforestation of Riverine Forest of Sindh Using Remote Sensing & Analytic Hierarchy Process Ahp Techniques

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Habibullah U. Abbasi

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Sindh

City

Hyderabad

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2010

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Public Adminisration

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1178

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724498968

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The present research work focuses on mapping, monitoring, change detection, deforestation impacts and prioritization of deforestation factors. From our research it has been revealed that mapping area is of polygon shape and these polygons have been divided into four regions; region one comprises of two divisions Sukkur and Shikarpur (the total area of polygon is 199695 ha) official forest area of both divisions is (61116 ha). Region two comprises of two divisions Larkana and Dadu (the total area of polygon is 222808.79ha) official forest area of both divisions is (65124.7287 ha). Region three also comprises of two divisions Nawabshah and Hyderabad (the total area of polygon is 178266.7943ha), official forest area of both divisions is (68642.785 ha). Fourth region comprises of only Thatta division (the total area of polygon is 94226.6571ha) and official forest area is (51979.66 ha). Secondly our research revealed alarming changes in the whole region which have been continuously monitored from 1979 to 2010. The overall forest cover in 1979 was 28.86%, 1992, 23.80%, 1998, 9.59%, 2000, 6.44%, 2006, 5.47%, 2009, 3.89%, 2009-12, 3.71% and 2010, 2.96%; overall change observed in forest area is 25.07%. Similarly the study focused on regional temperature by continuous monitoring of riverine forest from 1992 to 2009, the average temperatures in 1992 were 39 °C, 1998, 43.38°C, 2000, 36.56°C, 2003, 42.42°C and 2009, 44.34°C. The variations of temperatures have influenced and impacted overall climate of the Indus basin, which has changed the riverine ecosystem. The satellite data indicates a significant rise in average temperatures to 4.15OC (1992- 2009). This variation in temperature has brought about associated factors such as deforestation, droughts, global warming and socioeconomic conditions. These changes in temperature and forest cover have a direct impact on depended factors such as Temperature Increase 7%, Reduction of Grazing area 22%, reduction in livestock 22%, Mass Migration 15%, Poverty 24%, Land Encroachment 8% and Bad law and order 7%, all these factors have been affected by deforestation in Indus basin.
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اظہارِ تشکر

اظہارِ تشکر
اقرار مصطفیٰ
اللہ تبارک و تعالیٰ کے نہایت فضل و کرم اور نبیِ مکرمﷺ کے وسیلہ ٔ جمیلہ کے سبب نعتیہ مجموعہ’’ حسنِ کُن‘‘(مسدسِ مصطفیٰؐ)مسدس کی صورت میںمکمل ہوا۔ عہدِ رواں انتشار و خلفشار اور طرح طرح کے زوالی فتنوں کا عہد ہے۔ مسائل کی فراوانی اور وسائل کی کم یابی کے باعث ضروریات ِ حیات کو پورا کرنا وبالِ جان بن چکا ہے۔ ایسے میں خواہشات کی تکمیل کے لیے پر تولنا ، کم فہمی اور دیوانے کے خواب کے مترادف ہے۔مگر کچھ خواہشات ،ضروریات ِ حیات سے بھی بڑھ کے ہوتی ہیں کیوں کہ ان کا تعلق ایمان ومحبت سے جڑا ہوتا ہے اور اہلِ ایمان و محبت کا اعتقاد و یقین سے بھرپور او رمسلم نظریہ یہ ہے کہ تعلقِ خاطر خالصتاً نبی ِ آخرالزماں ﷺ سے ہو تو خواہشوں کی تکمیل کے خواب کو تعبیر میں ڈھلنے کے اسباب خود بہ خود پیدا ہوجاتے ہیں یا اسباب پیدا کر دیے جاتے ہیں۔ موجودہ نامساعد حالات کے پیشِ نظر ، مجھ ایسے کم مایا کا مجموعہ منصہ شہود پر آنا درحقیقت احمد رضاؒ خاں بریلوی کے اس شعر کے مصداق ہے:
کون دیتا ہے دینے کو منہ چاہیے
دینے والا ہے سچا ہمارا نبیؐ
عزیزانِ من! حُسنِ کُن‘‘مسدس کی ہئیت میں لکھا گیا ہے۔ اسمِ محمدﷺ اور اسمِ احمدﷺ کے اعداد کا مجموعہ 145بنتا ہے، اسی نسبت سے مسدس کے بندوں کی تعداد 145رکھی گئی ہے اور اسی وجہ کے پیشِ نظر اس میں خصوصی طور پہ یہ التزام ملحوظ رکھا گیا ہے کہ یہ موضوع ، موضوعِ نعت ہے اور یہ سراپا نعت ہی رہے۔
الحمد للہ!’’ حُسنِ کُن‘‘ (مسدسِ مصطفیٰؐ) حسنِ نعت سے مزین ہے۔ پھر بھی یہ بات اپنی جگہ صد فی صد درست ہے کہ:
حق تو یہ ہے کہ حق ادا نہ ہوا
خواہش اور دعا...

مقام نبوت و رسالت: کتب مقدسہ کی روشنی میں: تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Allah used to send Prophets to deliver his message and to provide guidance to the people in every field of life. Different Prophets brought divine religions with them and make people convince to that particular religion. For the purpose of guiding people, Allah made a formal arrangement of sending down divine books. Among those, Torah, Gospel and the Holy Quran are the three books on which this paper will focus on Torah, Gospel and Holy Quran are followed by Jews, Muslims and Christians respectively. This paper emphasizes on the respect and status these books give to their prophets. As three of these have been sent down by Allah, researchers are interested in knowing the similarities in these books with reference to esteem and prestige these books offer to their holy prophets, i.e. Hazrat Moosa (A.S), Hazrat Issa (A.S)and Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH).

Accumulation and Partitioning of Cadmium, Zinc and Copper in Cereal and Legume Crops under City Effluent Irrigation and Phosphorus Application

A survey study was conducted in urban area of Faisalabad to compare concentration of Cd, Zn and Cu in cereal and legume crops irrigated with raw effluent, tubewell and canal waters. The results showed that there were significant variation in EC, pH and concentration Cd & Cu of effluents at sampling location due to different sources of effluent and their subsequent dilution in down stream. Raw effluent has 13, 2.5 and 4.5 times higher amount of Cd, Zn and Cu than canal water, but were within permissible limits for their use as irrigation water. No significant variations in irrigation quality parameters of canal and tubewell waters at differrent locations were observed. There were elevated levels of AB-DTPA extractable Cd, Zn and Cu in effluent irrigated soils over tubewell or canal irrigated soils but all metals were with in safe limits. About 70% of the metals were deposited in upper 30 cm soil surface. Chickpea, maize and mungbean were found maximum accumulators of Cd, Zn and Cu, respectively in grains while the order of Cd in shoot was mungbean > maize > chickpea > wheat. Highest concentration of Zn and Cu was in mungbean shoots. Mungbean roots accumulated the highest amount of Cd, while wheat accumulated Zn and Cu. Effluent irrigated chickpea grain accumulated Cd above permissible limit of WHO (0.20 mg kg -1 ) with mean concentration of 0.177 mg kg -1 while maize and mungbean followed chickpea. Green house study was conducted to investigate the effect of Cd in irrigation water on behavior of Cd, Zn and Cu in soil and their uptake by legume (chickpea, mungbean) and cereal (wheat, maize) crops. Wheat yield was not affected by the application of Cd in canal water up to 5 ppm. Application of Zn and Cu together gave the highest grain yield. Concentration of Cd increased in plant parts by increasing Cd level in irrigation water. The trend of Cu was not consistent but grain Cu was generally increased in chickpea and mungbean crops at the highest level of Cd. Higher levels of Cd in irrigation water also increased grain Cu in wheat. Chickpea yield was not affected by Cd or soil treatments and grain Zn was the highest with the combined application of Zn+Cu. Grain yields of wheat, maize and chickpea were not influenced statistically by Cd in irrigation water. However, yield of mungbean was stimulated with 1 mg L -1 of Cd. Grain Cd in wheat was the lowest with 60 mg kg -1 Zn treatment but not affected in chickpea grain. In general Zn treated soil tends to decreaseCd concentration in plant showing an antagonistic effect. The Cd application in irrigation water caused redistribution of metals in grains, shoots and roots, so the total uptake was not much affected. Effect of Cu soil treatment on concentration on Zn and Cd was not consistent in all crops. Phosphorus was applied @ 0, 50 and 75 mg kg -1 soil to study its effect on Cd, Cu and Zn sorption in laboratory. Application of 75 mg kg -1 significantly increased the sorption of Cd and Zn except Cu due to the P induced sorption in effluent irrigated soils while effect of the other levels remained non-significant. The preference of sorption was found as Cd > Cu > Zn. The sorption followed the Langmuir equation. Effect of various levels of P on availability of Cd, Zn, Cu and P in effluent irrigated soils was studied where two cereals and two legumes were grown. Wheat grain yield was found maximum with half recommended dose (57 kg ha -1 ) of P 2 O 5 fertilizer treatment anog with recommended urea. While higher levels of P did not statistically affect the grain yield of chickpea. Cadmium concentration increased in wheat grain up to recommended N and P (NP 1 ) and decreased with NP 1.5 treatment. Application of P significantly decreased Cu in grain of wheat at all levels. Wheat varieties differed in yield, P concentration, shoot Cd and root Cu accumulation. Variety AS-2002 accumulated fewer metals compared with Bhakkar-2002. Chickpea grain Zn, Cd and Cu were the lowest at higher level of P (NP 1.5 ). Nitrogen application promoted Cd accumulation in chickpea while maximum uptake of Zn and P was in N application alone. Varieties differed significantly in grain yield, shoot and root Cu and P uptake. Mungbean grain Zn and shoot Cd was minimum with NP 1 treatment while grain Cu and Cd were minimum with NP 1.5 and N treatments, respectively. Grain yield was high with NP 1 and varieties differed significantly only in root Cd, grain Cu and root Zn accumulation. In maize, the highest level of P caused less accumulation of Zn, Cd and Cu in grain, and varieties differed in most parameters. Over all, nitrogen treatment (N) caused a decrease in metal accumulation in plant tissues, while P application up to agronomic level generally increased Cd, while higher levels decreased Cd and Zn in plant tissues. Increasing level of P in soil decreased AB-DTPA extractable Zn and Cu while increased Cd. Cadmium contamination of irrigation water increased Cd, while decreased Cu concentration in all plants. Application of P in effluent irrigated soils increased concentration of Cd in crops at agronomic levels, while decreased Zn and Cu.