یہ اقبال کی ڈائری یا بیاض ہے جسے اپریل 1910ء میں لکھنا شروع کیا۔ یہ سلسلہ کچھ ہی دن تک جاری رہا۔ اقبال کی فکر کا شاہکار، نظریات اور خیالات اس بیاض میں دیکھے جاسکتے ہیں۔ یہ بیاض
کا غذات میں دبی ہوئی تھی کہ ڈاکٹر جاوید اقبال کے ہاتھ لگی۔ انہوں نے 1961ء میں اسے شائع کیا۔ اس میں کل 125خیال پارے موجود تھے۔ پروفیسر عبد الحق نے اس کا اردو ترجمہ کیا اور 2015ء کی تیسری اشاعت میں 11 نئے شذرات شامل کیے۔ اس طرح اب بکھرے خیالات میں شذرات کی تعداد 136ہے۔ فکر اقبال میں اس بیاض کو خاص اہمیت حاصل ہے۔ اقبال کی فکری نشو و نما کو سمجھنے کے لیے اس بیاض کوخاص ماخذ قرار دیا گیا ہے۔
The present study aims at exploring positive psychological capital in the verses of Qur’an. Positive psychology is the latest advancement in the field of psychology which focuses on improving the well-being of society. Positive psychological capital refers to the combination of overall qualities of positive psychology that contributes to the well-being and mental health. The present study is based on the content analysis of the verses of Qur’an. Content analysis comprises of three steps including identifying the categories or themes, dividing the information into units or parts and finally rating all the themes in all units. In the first step the researchers identified 41 themes from Qur’an by using committee approach and reading the verses between the lines. All these categories were identified by keeping in view the underlying themes of positive psychology. In the second step 30 units were devised from Qur’an by considering each Part as a single unit. The categories included behavior modification, belief in divine help, brotherhood, bravery, contentment, civility, credibility, encouragement of virtue, emotional regulation, excellence, forgiveness, generosity, gratitude, honesty, hopefulness, humility, justice, knowledge, lawful spending, learning, meaningfulness, mindfulness, moderation, obedience, patience, peace, determination, positivity, prosperity, repentance, resilience, reward, self-actualization, self-awareness, self-control, sincerity, social leadership, truthfulness, trust, and wisdom. Results suggest that the most prominent category in Qur’an is the reward. Validity of the study was maintained through the selection of the themes with the help of committee approach. Reliability of the scoring system was maintained through partial inter-rater reliability. Overall the present research has many implications in the positive psychology of religion.
The objective of the current work is to model and simulate some important components of the speech production system like vocal folds and vocal tract for the better and efficient speech generation. First of all, we develop an appropriate mathematical vocal folds model that simulates the process of the vocal folds by using fulcrum point. We incorporate rotary motion of the glottis by considering the moments of the glottis about the fulcrum point which is very similar to the seesaw motion about the fulcrum point. By changing the position of the fulcrum point, we have different scenarios for the motion of the glottis. The fulcrum point position has a significant role in determining the shape of the glottal flow. This fulcrum point approach has been examined with the cases of viscous and non-viscous flows and, forced and self-oscillatory motion of the vocal folds. In case of non-viscous flow, the vibration of the vocal folds is caused by the Bernoulli equation of the flow while in the cases of viscous flow, the motion of the vocal folds together with the solution of Navier-Stokes equations, simulate the flow within an idealized human glottis. Secondly, we develop a highly efficient 2D-featured 1D waveguide model for the vocal tract that is comparable with the standard 2D waveguide model. In this model, vocal tract has been decomposed into a number of convergent and divergent ducts. The divergent duct is modelled based on splitting the volume velocity into its axial and radial components while the convergent duct is represented by a one dimensional waveguide. The present model has been found to be more efficient than the standard 2D waveguide model and in very good comparison with it in the formant frequency patterns of the vowels /ɑ/, /e/, /i/, /ɔ/ and /ʊ/. The model has two control parameters, the wall and the glottal reflection coefficients, that can be effectively employed for the bandwidth tuning. New approaches for vocal folds and vocal tract present novel contribution in the fields of speech production.