آہ مرحوم صدر جمہوریہ فخر الدین علی احمد
ملیشیا میں مرحوم فخر الدین علی احمد صاحب کے بیمار ہونے کی اطلاع اخبارات میں پڑھی توان سے جو تعلق خاطر تھااس کے باعث تشویش پیداہوئی اور خصوصاً اس لیے کہ وہ دل کے مریض تھے، لیکن۱۱/فروری کی صبح کو انگریزی اخبارات میں مرحوم کے بخیریت ہندوستان واپس پہنچ جانے کی خبر کے ساتھ ان کا وہ فوٹو بھی دیکھا جس میں وہ ہشاش و بشاش اورمسکراتے ہوئے وزیراعظم اور کابینہ کے بعض وزراء کے ساتھ پالم پرہوائی جہاز سے اترکر کھڑے ہیں تودل کو اطمینان ہوااوراﷲ کاشکراداکیا، یہ آٹھ ساڑھے آٹھ بجے کی بات ہے۔ اس کے بعد سوا نوبجے حسب معمول انسٹیٹیوٹ آیا، سب سے پہلے انسٹیٹیوٹ کے ڈائریکٹر کرنل تاج الدین صاحب سے ملاقات ہوئی توعلیک سلیک کے بعد انھوں نے گلوگیر آواز میں کہا:’’سخت افسوس ہے کہ صدر کاانتقال ہوگیا۔‘‘یہ سننا تھا کہ جیسے بجلی گرپڑی اورجی دھک سے ہوکررہ گیا، میں اوروہ فوراً ٹیلی فون پرآئے اورآخر جس خبر پریقین کرنے کے لیے دل ہرگز آمادہ نہیں تھا اُس پریقین کرناپڑا اورعالم یہ ہواکہ:
تم کیاگئے کہ ہم پہ قیامت گذر گئی
آخر مرحوم کا ماتم گھر گھر بپاہوا، ان پر سینکڑوں مضامین لکھے گئے دنیاکی سب سے بڑی جمہوریت کے صدر کی حیثیت سے بڑی بڑی حکومتوں کے نمائندوں نے اُن کی وفات پراظہار غم کیا اوران کی تدفین میں شرکت کی، ہزاروں قرآن مجید پڑھ کر ان کی روح کوایصال ثواب کیا گیا، سرکاری طورپر جو رسوم ضروری تھیں وہ اداکی گئیں۔ ان کی زندگی سراپا عمل اورجدوجہد تھی، وہ ایک عظیم انسان کی طرح زندہ رہے اوراپنے ملک کے عظیم ترین انسان کی حیثیت میں جو ایک شخص کے لیے عزت ووجاہت دینوی کاآخری نقطۂ عروج و ترقی ہے، دنیا سے عالم عقبی کی طرف چل بسے۔ سدارہے نام اﷲ کا!اناﷲ...
The Arabic language is the language of the Holy Quran, which has become an immortal language because of the immortality of the Holy Quran as it says: "Surely We have revealed the Reminder and We will most surely be its guardian." It is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, especially since the language is the means of communication among the peoples of the world. Communication and technological techniques in learning and teaching the Arabic language taking into account the elements of the educational process (student, teacher and curriculum), according to the requirements of the age, and the development of the mechanisms of teaching the Arabic language with modern technologies that keep up with the times and developments. The aim of the research is to explain the impact of modern means of communication on the teaching of the Arabic language according to several axes: definition of the language, definition of the language in Arabic and the strategy of its publication, the definition of the modern means of communication and their types in the teaching of the Arabic language. The analytical approach will be used in this study. The researcher concluded at the end of this study to prove that the Arabic language faces many challenges in light of the great progress of the modern means of communication and technical progress; and that there are many obstacles in the use of educational technology in the teaching of the Arabic language, which prevents the achievement of the objectives of education. Solutions to this problem are, thus, suggested so as to improve the Arabic language and maintain its position among the languages of the world.
Purpose: This study provides a theoretical framework that explores the personality traits that influence new product adoption in rural environment. Five personality traits form part of the framework, namely; consumer innovativeness, dogmatism, social character (inner and other directed), and need for uniqueness. This study will pave a way in understanding the potential behavior of consumers toward adoption of a newly introduced product in a given environment. Following the conceptualization of NPA, a conceptual model was proposed which represents five hypotheses: two hypotheses were supported and three hypotheses were not supported. Methodology: The data was collected from selected (rural) areas of upper Sindh province of Pakistan using convenient sampling procedure; there were 430 respondents in the sample. Five-point Likert scale was adapted for the study, and a pilot test was used to confirm the validity of the scales and the correctness of the datagathering procedure. Following the data gathering and coding, validity and reliability tests were carried out on the entire sample. Keeping in view various constructs of conceptual model, the proposed hypotheses were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (AMOS v.20) to test the impact of the constructs on NPA. Findings and contribution of research: The evidence related to the model suggests that consumer innovativeness and need for uniqueness are the dominant factors (traits) in adopting a new product whereas social character (ID /OD), and dogmatism have no significant impact on new product adoption behavior, it suggests that consumer innovativeness and need for uniqueness traits of consumer personality are dominant factors in adopting a new fashion and clothing product in rural market. Research Limitations: First; the results of this study may not be appropriate for generalizing across the majority of Pakistani consumers, and in a global context. Second; the study is focusing only on fashion and clothing product category; third, only selected personality traits are examined in the study. 2 Implications: By examining the potential behavior of rural consumers, the study facilitates the possibility of consumer behavior research that, in new product adoption decision consumer personality (traits) should have a significant contribution, thus providing a better understanding of influence of their personality traits on new product adoption. KEYWORDS: New product adoption, consumer innovativeness, dogmatism, social character, need for uniqueness, personality, fashion and clothing, and rural consumers.