Home > Assessment and Conservation of Aquatic Biodiversity of Suleman Mountain Range, Dera Ghazi Khan Region, Pakistan With Special Emphasis on Ichthyofauna
Assessment and Conservation of Aquatic Biodiversity of Suleman Mountain Range, Dera Ghazi Khan Region, Pakistan With Special Emphasis on Ichthyofauna
Freshwater ecosystems have been playing important role in development and maintenance of human civilization. Present study depicted the planktonic and ichthyofaunal biodiversity of Suleman Mountain Range, Dera Ghazi Khan Region of Pakistan. Water quality was assessed by analyzing physico-chemical parameters and the ichthyofaunal status of the region was assessed by calculating abundance and diversity of fish fauna. The fish health status was estimated by measuring several morphometric characteristics and condition factor. The analysis of TDS, pH, CO2, CO3-2, HCO3-1, TA, TH, Na+1, Ca+2, Mg+2, Cl-1, SO4-2, EC and SAR showed significant site variations while water temperature, light penetration, pH, DO and CO2demonstrated the significant seasonal variations. Out of 119, 83 phytoplankton and 36 zooplankton genera were recorded wherein chlorophyta was the most abundant with (RA= 28.80%) and xanthophyta was the least (RA = 0.87%) while Protozoa was the most occuring with (RA = 11.57%) and cladocera was the least with (RA = 0.80%). Twenty fish species were explored in which Tor macrolepis was the most and Labeo calbasu was least abundant in the region. The family Cyprinidae was found to be most abundant and dominant in Suleman Mountain Range, Dera Ghazi Khan, Region while three fish species endemic to Pakistan namely Barilius pakistanicus, Labeo dyocheilus pakistanicus and Salmophasia punjabensis were also observed from this experimental area. Total length ranged from 7.80-31.0 cm for Tor macrolepis, 8.08-17.20 for Schizothorax plagiostomus, 9.0-20.5 for Labeo diplostomus, 9.30-23.60 cm for Labeo dyocheilus pakistanicus, 8.00-14.30 cm for Cyprinion watsoni, 10.30- 18.90 cm for Ompok pabda and 9.00-14.10 cm were calculated. Similarly, wet body weight ranged from 5.20-301.90 g for Tor macrolepis, 7.05-67.08 g for Schizothorax plagiostomus, 5.50-90.0 g for Labeo diplostomus, 10.20-125.0 g for Labeo dyocheilus pakistanicus, 7.90-30.70 for Cyprinion watsoni, 8.50-57.0 g for Ompok pabda and 8.60-39.30 g for Garra gotyla were recorded. New records of maximum total length for Cyprinion watsoni (14.3 cm), Labeo dyocheilus pakistanicus (22.50 cm), Labeo diplostomus (22.0 cm) and Tor macrolepis (29.0 cm) were obtained. Condition factors of most fishes were optimum except Ompok pabda. In general, most of the water quality parameters of the studied sites were within suitable range for growth of living organism. The diversity indices value indicated moderate planktonic diversity. However, ichthyofaunal diversity of the region was poor. The morphometric characteristics and condition factor values indicated good fish health.
فرانسیسی ماہرین مصریات کا خیال ہے کہ لکسر میں جو مقبرہ برآمد ہوا ہے وہ نوتن خیمن کا نہیں ہے، بلکہ اس کے دوسرے جانشین ہارن ہیب کا ہے، حال ہی میں پروفیسر اڈورڈ نوبلے نے پیرس کی مجلس علمی کے سامنے اس موضوع پر ایک عالمانہ لکچر دیا اور اس میں اپنے اس دعویٰ کو ثابت کیاہے، اور بتایا ہے کہ ۱۹۰۸ء میں ایک امریکن نے ہارن ہیب کے مقبرہ کے نام سے جو جگہ دریافت کی تھی، دراصل وہی نوتن خیمن کا مقبرہ ہے۔
اسی سلسلہ میں یہ معلوم کرنا سخت افسوس ناک ہے کہ اس اکتشاف کے روح رواں لارڈ کارنیوورن کا مصر ہی میں بخار سے انتقال ہوگیا، اس پر تمام حلقوں میں عجیب چہ میگوئیاں ہورہی ہیں، چنانچہ بہت سے روحانیت کے قائل لوگوں کا خیال ہے کہ فرعون کی لاش کی کوئی ہمزاد حفاظت کرتا تھا یا اس پر کچھ نقوش اس قسم کے تھے جن کا اثر لارڈ موصوف پر مہلک ثابت ہوا۔ (مئی ۱۹۲۳ء)
The current millennial generation, includes santri, who have digital literacy skills, but unfortunately it has not been matched by ability to use digital media to obtain information and self development. The purpose of the research was to determine the extent to which students’ digital literacy skills, how to use digital literacy as a basis for religious moderation learning, and the obstacles faced during the training on the use of digital literacy at the Al-Hijrah Islamic Boarding School Tingkir Salatiga. This research is a qualitative and participatory action research. Data collection techniques used are participant observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses Mile and Hubermen in the form of reduction, presentation, and conclusions. The research procedure includes planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The result of the studi show that digital literacy can be used as a basis for learning religious moderation. The students at the Al-Hijrah Islamic Boarding School can get digital content in the form of religious moderation material from website, social media, and others. The students also take advantage of digital literacy to create religious moderation content.
To increase customers banking experience by providing convenience and satisfaction, financial service providers are now launching banking services through a mobile phone. This service is called as mobile banking. This study aims to identify and test the inhibitors and motivators for consumer acceptance of mobile banking and to what degree, factors proposed in the literature influence consumer?s decision making process of adopting mobile banking. Scope of this study includes induction of a new theoretical model, created by blend of two significant models from literature.
Hypotheses are formulated with the help of constructing a new research framework where six factors, i.e., Perceived usefulness (PU), Perceived ease of use (PEOU), Perceived relative advantage (PRA), Perceived Risk (PR), Perceived Compatibility (PCOM), Cost (COS) were influencing the customer?s attitude towards mobile banking and attitude towards mobile banking was directly influencing the customer?s intention to use mobile banking. Moreover, Perceived ease of use (PEOU) has a positive significant effect on perceived usefulness (PU).
To examine each relationship, several measurement instruments are borrowed from previous studies. Survey data from five cities in Pakistan (n=250) are used to test the hypothesis with Regression method.
The findings from this study asserted that perceived usefulness (PU), Perceived ease of use (PEOU), Perceived relative advantage (PRA), Perceived Compatibility (PCOM) are the motivators and Perceived Risk (PR) and Cost (COS) are the inhibitors for mobile banking. However, due to time and financial constraints quality of the findings of the analyzed data is limited, which consequently, restricts the generalizability of the findings.
This study is among the few studies until the date to identify and test the inhibitors and motivators for consumer acceptance of mobile banking and to what degree, factors proposed in the literature influence consumer?s decision-making process of adopting mobile banking In the Pakistan. Development of the attitudinal model which can be utilized in predicting customer?s intention to use mobile banking is a major theoretical contribution of this study. Corporations can also make use of the model to support professionals, which what aspects of mobile banking should be improved or should be given more importance according to the findings from this study.