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Assessment of Selected Persistent Organic Pollutants in River Ravi and its Northern Tributaries, Pakistan

Thesis Info

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Author

Mujtaba Baqar

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Environmental Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10938/1/Mujtaba%20Baqar_Env.%20Sci_2018_UoPunjab_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724522833

Similar


The persistent organic pollutants (POPs), particularly organochlorines are of key global concern due to their persistence and toxicity in the environment. The present study investigated the occurrence levels, spatio-temporal distribution, risks to both, ecological integrity and human health through dermal and oral exposure to the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) across River Ravi and its three northern tributaries (Nullah Bein, Nullah Basantarand Nullah Deg) that provides the baseline data for the occurrence of POPs from the study area. The present study is a pioneer investigation from Pakistan to assess the bioavailable level of POPs using mussels as bioindicator species. The water (n=54) and sediments (n=54) samples from twenty-seven sampling sites and freshwater mussels (n=30) samples from fifteen sampling stations were collected across the four aforementioned streams in two alternate seasons (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon). The ∑23OCPs concentrations were ranged from 13.61 to 1992.18 ng/g dry weight (dw), 189.66 to 2049.40 ng/g, and 12.89 to 128.16 ng/L in sediment, freshwater mussels and water matrices, respectively. The ∑35PCBs concentrations were ranged from 1.06 to 95.76 ng/g (dw) in sediments, 1.94 to 11.66 ng/L in water, and 25.81 to 135.38 ng/g in freshwater mussel samples. Among the OCPs, the dominance of ΣDDTs, ΣHCHs and Σendosulfan were observed in all three studied environmental matrices. The PCBs homologs analysis indicated that penta-CBs and hexaCBs in sediments and mussels, and tetra-CBs and tri-CBs in water were predominant homologs. Based on the POPs contamination levels, the tributaries of River Ravi followed the contamination order as; Nullah Deg> Nullah Basantar > Nullah Bein and fresh addition of lindane, technical DDTs and chlordane were identified in the study area. The OCs levels in the environment were found to be higher than previous studies from Pakistan and other parts of the world. The ecological risk assessment indicates considerable potential ecological risk (= 95.17) associated with PCBs contaminations. The ecological risk assessment of OCPs elucidates high risks for endosulfan (αendosulfan) and endrin. The human health risk assessment indicated absence of hazardous (non-carcinogenic) risk through dermal exposure in studied streams; while, the considerable carcinogenic risks associated to aldrin, dieldrin, p,p’-DDT, β-endosulfan and PCBs was found at certain studied sites. The oral exposure to OCs through mussels consumption revealed existence of substantial carcinogenic risk (Hazard Ratio > 1) for OCPs and PCB at both, 50th and 95th percentile concentration in mussel tissues. Therefore, the high levels of ecological risk and carcinogenic human health risk had emphasized an immediate elimination of ongoing OCPs usage and PCBs release in the studied area. Moreover, in Pakistan, comprehensive ecological and human health risk studies, and firm statutory initiatives are needed to be taken in debt to the Stockholm Convention, 2001 to cope up with the OCs contamination in various environmental matrices of the country.
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علم روشنی ہے

علم روشنی ہے
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے:’’علم روشنی ہے‘‘
معزز سامعین!
علم روشنی ہے ،علم نور ہے علم ایک خزانہ ہے، یہ ایسے جملے ہیں کہ جو ان کے مفہوم کو اپنے ذہن کے در یچوں میں، قلب و اذہان کے کونے کھدرے میں جگہ دے وہ یکتائے روزگار بن جاتا ہے۔ علم کی روشنی جہالت کی تاریکی کا خاتمہ کر دیتی ہے اورعلم کی ناخدائی سے بحرِجہالت میں ہچکولے کھانے والی ناؤ کو کنارے لگانے میں کامران ہو جا تا ہے۔
صدرِذی وقار!
جہاں علم کی روشنی کی کرنیں پہنچیں وہ سرزمین بقعۂ نور بن گئی ، وہ خزاں رسیدہ دل و دماغ بہار آشنا ہو گئے، وہ پژمردہ شعور، شعوری دنیا کے حکمران بن گئے، وہ خس و خاشاک پیدا کرنے والی سرزمین حامل گل وگلزار ہوگئی، منحوس تصور کیے جانے والے بوم جو جہالت کا مرقعّ تھے اُن کا وجود عنقا ہو گیا، علم کے شاہینوں نے قصرِ سلطانی کے گنبد کو چھوڑ کر جبال شامخہ میں اپنا مسکن بنانا شروع کر دیا۔ علم کے طائر لا ہوتی نے اپنی پرواز بلند کرنا شروع کر دی۔
صدرِمحترم!
علم واقعی ایک روشنی ہے جس گھر میں اس کی قندیلیں روشن ہوں وہ گھر اعلیٰ و ارفع ہوتا ہے، جس معاشرے میں صاحب ِعلم حضرات موجود ہوں وہ معاشرہ صحت مند معاشرہ کہلاتا ہے، جس قوم میں اربابِ علم و دانش موجود ہوں وہ قوم دیگر اقوام سے بدر جہا بہتر ہوتی ہے، وہ ملک کے ماتھے کا جھومر ہوتی ہے، وہ اپنی سلطنت کے لیے رحمت ہوتی ہے وہ قوم اللہ کا ایک انعام ہوتی ہے، اُس قوم کے...

تحدت للعالم الإسلامي ودور الشباب في مواجهتها

Youth are the real asset of a nation, nation make progress by channelizing, the energy and effects of youth in the right direction. If youth of a nation go astray, the nation will be bound to fail. This short paper intends to look at the challenges faced by our youth for example, the political, religious and philosophical influence of anti-Islam powers, the use of all resources to attract youth to Islam, the attraction of Muslim youth to philosophy, to look into the influence of west through education which is leading the nation to financial and social way wardenss Indecency, Arabic language is replaced with other language for teaching and understanding of the Qur’ān and Unemployment, poverty and a sense of uselessness of youth is a huge challenge. This factor is leading the youth to stealing, robbery and other moral weaknesses. This short article will try to throw light on the challenges and responsibilities of youth. The history of mankind tells us that it is only the young people, who took the revolutionary measures to change the societies. Youth is the prime time of ones life. It is the time when all energies are at their peak. So one should get advantage of youth before getting old and helth before falling sick. As they say “new broom sweap clean”. Young people can bring great changes in cleaning socieities from evils. Muslim youth has great resficial to whole humanity. Today, youth is facing many challenges in their life. These challenges are in social, moral, educational, intellectual and political fields. To cope with them youth must have the knowledge and awareness. This short article tends to throw light on these challenges and gives ways and remedies to face them successfully.

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