Density of Aedes Aegypti Larvae Based on Knowledge, Attitude, and Action to Eradicate Mosquito Nest in Daya Market of Makassar City

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by a dengue virus infection which is transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. To prevent the occurrence of dengue cases, it is necessary to eradicate mosquito nests. The market is one of the public places that has a risk of dengue transmission. This study aims to determine the density description of Aedes aegypti larvae based on the knowledge, attitudes and actions of cleaning managers, traders and visitors to Pasar Daya Makassar City. This type of research is descriptive observational. The research samples were cleaning managers, traders and visitors as well as containers at Pasar Daya and at the respondent's house. Sampling for respondents using purposive sampling method using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that the number of containers positive for ae. Aegypti larvae in the Daya market was 34 containers with a container index value (CI) = 35.4% and the value of Density Figure (DF) 8 and the presence of Ae. Aegypti larvae in the respondent's house (positive) amounting to (51.4%). At the level of knowledge of respondents in the poor category (68.6%), while the attitudes and actions of respondents in the poor category showed a high enough percentage, namely 65.7%, and (68.6%). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the density of Aedes aegypti larvae in Pasar Daya Makassar City is in the high category.

Genetic Basis of Water Stress Tolerance in Triticum Aestivum L.

Water stress is a key constraint in grain production of bread wheat. Using genomic and advanced breeding tools, genetic improvement in wheat and other crops is possible under water stress conditions. Fifty wheat genotypes were screened against water stress using traits like relative water contents and excised leaf water loss. Two water stress tolerant (Chakawal-50 and mairaj-08) and two susceptible (9436 and Millat-11) genotypes were identified and crossed to develop F1, F2 and backcross generations. Genetic analysis was conducted for relative water contents, excised leaf water loss, cell membrane thermo-stability, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation, chlorophyll contents, plant height, flag leaf area, specific flag leaf area, peduncle length, spike length, number of tillers per plant, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spikes, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plant and harvest index. Presence of additive, dominance and epistatic components were identified. Gene action was found complex showed that selection should be done in later generations for improvement of traits. Medium to high broad sense heritability, low to medium narrow sense heritability and low to high genetic advance was observed. Analysis under normal and water stress conditions revealed heterosis for relative water contents, excised leaf water loss, chlorophyll contents and plant height. Correlation analysis showed that relative water contents, cell membrane thermo-stability, photosynthetic rate and grain yield per plant were positively correlated with each other. Excised leaf water loss was negatively correlated with cell membrane thermo-stability, photosynthetic rate, relative water contents and grain yield per plant. A total of 30 ISSR markers were used to survey F2 population developed by a cross of Chakawal-50 (tolerance) and 9436 (susceptible) revealing a lots of DNA polymorphism. DNA polymorphism was used to construct genetic linkage map. In linkage analysis 73 bands produced from 4 ISSR markers were mapped on chromosomes. One QTL for photosynthetic rate on chromosome 3A, one for cell membrane thermo-stability on chromosome 2B and one for relative water contents on chromosome 4D was identified. These QTLs could be used to mold wheat genome into water stress tolerant wheat genome.