توبہ و استغفار: قرآن کریم کی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں ذہنی سکون کا منبع

It is evident from the teaching of Quran & Sunna, Allah SWT accepts the repentance of His servants. The concept of repentance is according to synthesis of human nature. As a matter of fact, the commission of sins is deep rooted into the human nature and except the messengers of Allah SWT, who are by their nature immaculate and impeccable, all the human beings commit the sins in one form or the other. However, the countless mercy of Allah SWT is showered upon the servants in the shape of “tauba” or repentance. The concept of repentance infuses a new life into the sinful soul of human being. The tauba or seeking forgiveness of Allah SWT revitalizes the enthusiasm of worship in the Muslim. The concept of the acceptance of tauba provide the peace of mind, consolation and satisfaction of heart to the believers. It enables him to reconnect himself to his Lord. Once a person realizes the forgiveness of Allah SWT, he feels a unique tranquility in his heart. This paper will investigate the multiple verses of Quran and Prophetic Sunna concerning the tauba and istaghfar, and how it helps us to attain the peace of mind and acquire satisfaction of heart.

Relationship of Value-Added Measures, Accounting Measures and Cash Flow Measures With Shareholders? Wealth: An Empirical Evidence of Psx Listed Non-Financial Firms

Measuring performance is an important part of monitoring the state of affairs and progress of an organization. It comprises of measuring the actual performance of management in an organization against the pre-set goals that were set for the given period. When it comes to performance, it is always a challenge to determine what to measure and of course, how to measure it. Traditionally, organizations use accounting based performance metrics to determine the performance of management in an organization. These accounting based performance metrics are considered vulnerable to mislead the end user. As a result, reliance on these measures has resulted into major corporate failures like Enron, World Com etc. Secondly, stock investors particularly institutions have now been focusing on intrinsic value for their investment decisions. These two changes have put accounting based measures under question and call for other measures that are more reliable. Researchers and practitioners in industry have devised new metrics that include cash flow measures and value added measures. Some researchers consider cash flow measures more effective in determining enterprise effectiveness and competitiveness in the market as it is a more dynamic examination of actual return on assets and equity. Others take value added measures as a yardstick in measuring the performance by reflecting the impact of managerial decisions in stock returns. The primary objective of this study was to find evidence whether accounting measures, cash flow measures or value added measures, as a yard stick to measure managerial performance, are the best suitable to measure performance of corporate firms working in Pakistan. The hypothesis of this study was to check the significance of all these measures in determining stock returns translated into market value added (MVA) and the relationship with MVA. These variables include accounting variables - net profit margin (NPM), return on assets (ROA), earning per share (EPS), cash flow variables ? operating cash flows (OCF), free cash flows (FCF) and value added variables ? economic value added (EVA) refined economic value added REVA), created shareholder value (CSV). This hypothesis was tested on the cross section data of 33 non-financial Pakistani companies listed on the Karachi stock exchanges for a period of 8 years (2007-08 to 2014-15). This study proved that OCF gives better results as compared to other variables in explaining variation in MVA.