حکیم صدیق احمد امروہوی ثم بریلوی
مئی کے اسی ہفتہ میں ایک اورحادثہ یہ پیش آیا کہ ہمارے نہایت عزیز اور مخلص دوست اوراپنے فن کے ماہرحکیم صدیق احمد صاحب امروہوی ثم بریلوی نے وفات پائی۔عمرغالباًپچھتر چھہتر برس ہوگی۔اصل وطن امروہہ ضلع مرادآباد تھا، مگر ایک عرصۂ دراز سے بریلی میں مقیم تھے۔ ان کے والد ماجد مولانا حکیم مختار احمد صاحب ایک نہایت حاذق طبیب ہونے کے علاوہ پختہ استعداد کے عالم باعمل، متقی اور عابد و زاہد بزر گ تھے۔ حکیم صدیق احمد کی بھی علوم وفنون میں استعداد بڑی پختہ تھی، شروع میں منطق اورفلسفہ کا بڑاغلبہ رہا۔نہایت ذہین اور طباع تھے۔اس لیے کوئی موضوع بحث ہو تقریر مدلل اورمنطقیانہ کرتے تھے۔ حضرت شاہ عبدالقادر صاحب رائے پوری سے بیعت ہونے کے علاوہ اعمال و وظائف کا ورد کثرت سے کرنے لگے تھے۔فن طب میں نظری اورعملی مہارت و حذاقت انھیں ورثہ میں ملی تھی، طبیعت بے حد رساتھی۔تشخیص اورتجویز دونوں میں ان کی شہرت دور دور تک تھی۔ سینکڑوں بڑے معرکے کے علاج کئے لیکن وہ جتنے بڑے طبیب تھے، اسی قدر مزاج سخت لاابالی اورروپیہ پیسہ کے لالچ سے کوسوں دورتھے۔ غریبوں اور ضرورت مندوں کی امداد اپنی جیب سے کرتے تھے اورعلما کی خدمت کرکے خوش ہوتے تھے، غرض کہ بڑی خوبیوں اورکمالات کے انسان تھے۔اُن کے پاس مخطوطات کاایک خاصہ ذخیرہ تھا جس میں حضرت مولانا محمد قاسم صاحب نانوتوی اوربعض دوسرے بزرگوں کے مکاتیب اور ان کی تحریریں شامل ہیں۔لیکن راقم الحروف کے سخت اصرار کے باوجود انھوں نے ان چیزوں کو نہ خود چھاپا اورنہ کسی اورکو انھیں نقل کرنے کی اجازت دی۔پھر معلوم نہیں ان کا کیا حشر ہوا۔
اخلاق وعادات کے اعتبار سے نہایت خلیق،خوش طبع و خوش مزاج اور متواضع و مہمان نواز تھے۔رحمہ اﷲ رحمۃً واسعۃً۔ [جون۱۹۷۸ء]
The current millennial generation, includes santri, who have digital literacy skills, but unfortunately it has not been matched by ability to use digital media to obtain information and self development. The purpose of the research was to determine the extent to which students’ digital literacy skills, how to use digital literacy as a basis for religious moderation learning, and the obstacles faced during the training on the use of digital literacy at the Al-Hijrah Islamic Boarding School Tingkir Salatiga. This research is a qualitative and participatory action research. Data collection techniques used are participant observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses Mile and Hubermen in the form of reduction, presentation, and conclusions. The research procedure includes planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The result of the studi show that digital literacy can be used as a basis for learning religious moderation. The students at the Al-Hijrah Islamic Boarding School can get digital content in the form of religious moderation material from website, social media, and others. The students also take advantage of digital literacy to create religious moderation content.
During the times of financial crisis, losses tend to spread across financial institutions, threatening the overall stability of the financial system. The spreading of financial distress to various financial institutions gives birth to systemic risk. The intermediary role of the financial system is damaged, with adverse consequences for the supply of credit to the real economy. Therefore, the management of systemic risk becomes an important goal for the whole society. However, financial institutions do not contribute equally to the generation of systemic risk. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis is to assess separately how financial sectors and individual financial institutions inject systemic risk into the respective financial systems of Pakistan and BRICS during times of distress. During the last couple of decades, concentrations and control of global markets have been changed on a massive scale. Countries now are more focusing on regional and economic co-operations to achieve higher value-added production, to face regional challenges, and to cater to the monopolistic power of developed countries firms. BRICS is one of such economic cooperation. The establishment of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and increasing collaboration with Russia make Pakistan a potential candidate to enter this alliance. The more regional cooperation between these member countries calls for a major investigation about the spillover effect of systemically important financial sectors and institutions of BRICS and Pakistan. It is equally important to investigate the determinants of systemic risk in an economy. Delta Conditional Value at Risk (∆CoVaR) is one of the pioneer measures of assessing the systemic risk of financial institutions proposed by Brunnermeier (2016). It is based on another important financial risk measure named as Value at Risk (VaR). The panel regressions analysis is used to inspect the important determinants of the systemic risk within an economy. The results reveal that the banking sector is the highest contributor of systemic risk. The second high contributor to systemic risk is the insurance sector. The financial services sector contributes least in the generation of systemic risk of BRICS and Pakistan. Furthermore, the study also ranks top most systemically important financial institutions as well. The financial characteristics employed in the study include the size of the financial institution, the loan ratio, the leverage ratio, the tier1 ratio, and other financial characteristics. However, the findings reveal that the size of the financial institutions, the tier1 ratio, the market to book value ratio, and the operating profit margin ratio are significantly related to the systemic risk. Further, empirical analysis is carried out on 334 financial institutions of Pakistan and BRICS for the time period starting from January 2000 till December 2015. The data related to the closing prices and financial statements are taken from the Thomson Reuters Financial DataStream. The state variables data are obtained from World Development Indicators (WDI). The results have direct implications for the regulators and policymakers. Regulations that attempts to diminish the systemic risk in the financial system may take into account both systemic risk and individual risk faced by financial institutions and sectors. Furthermore, the regulatory framework might consider significant determinants while devising new strategies for financial institutions. This investigation may help to identify the most vulnerable financial institutions as well as financial characteristics helpful in reducing the systemic risk within an economy.