پرانے وقتاں دی گل اے کہ اک پہاڑ دے دامن وچ اک شخص رہندا سی۔ اوس کول بہت ساریاں مجھاں گاواں سن۔ مجھاں گاواں سارا دن ادھر اُدھر چر دیاں۔ شام نوں تھوڑی دیر پہلاں اوہ ددھ چوندا۔ اوس وچ بہت سارا پانی ملاندا تے کول دے شہر وچ جا کے ویچ آندا۔ اوہ ہر اک گاہک نوں آکھدا کہ ددھ خالص اے۔ ددھ ویچ کے ضروریاتِ زندگی دیاں چیزاں خرید دا تے گھر واپس آ جاندا۔
گاہک اوس نوں اکثر شکایت کردے کہ ددھ بہت پتلا اے۔ ایس وچ پانی نہ ملایا کر۔ کسے وی شکایت دا اوس اتے کوئی اثر نہ ہوندا۔ سگوں آکھدا کہ ددھ وچ پانی ہونا قدرتی امر اے۔ میں پانی نہیں ملاندا نالے ددھ کیہڑا سکا ہوندا اے۔ ایس طرح ددھ ویچدے اوس نوں بہت عرصہ گزر گیا۔ ہن اوہدے کول بہت زیادہ دولت وی آ گئی سی۔ اوہ کسے نوں کجھ وی نئیں سی سمجھدا۔ دن بدن لالچ ودھدا گیا تے اوہ ددھ وچ پانی دی مقدار وچ وادھا کرداگیا۔
اک دن اچانک اسمان اتے کالی بدلی اُٹھی تے اوس پورے اسمان نوں اپنے کلاوے وچ لے لیا۔ ہر طرف ہنیرا ای ہنیرا ہو گیا۔ اوہ بہت خوش ہویا کہ مینہ پوے گا۔ جس پاروں گھاہ زیادہ ہووے گا۔ گاواں مجھاں کھا کے زیادہ ددھ دیون گئیاں۔ بس فیر میرے وارے نیارے ہو جاون گے۔ اچانک بدل گرجیا۔ بجلی چمکی پہلاں ہولی تے فیر تیز بارش شروع ہو گئی۔ ایس دے نال اولے پین لگ پئے۔ ہر پاسے پانی ای پانی ہو گیا۔ پہاڑاں توں پانی سیلاب دی صورت وچ ایس شدت نال اوہدے پنڈ ول ودھیا کہ اوہدیاں گاواں مجھاں، گھر تے گھر دا سارا سامان اپنے نال بہہ کے لے گیا۔ ہن اوہدے کول نہ تے گاواں مجھاں سن تے نہ ای گھرتے نہ نقدی، اوہ...
The study aims to analyze impact of Lady Health Worker program on use of maternal health services in community with a lady health worker. The main focus was the rural districts of Sindh for this case study. The maternal health service is determined by at least four Antenatal care (ANC) visits provided to mother and receipt of at least two Tetanus Toxoid (TT) injections to mother during pregnancy. These have direct impact on maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate. Secondary data pertaining to all districts of Sind for three years (2017-2019) was collected from the Sindh Lady Health Worker program office Hyderabad for analysis purpose. Further secondary data of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2017-18) was also used to see the impact of intervention of LHW program implemented by Ministry of Health Pakistan in 1994 and then devolved to provinces after the implementation of 18th Constitutional Amendment in 2010. The study found that the services provided by the lady health workers in communities in these districts has positively influenced the uptake of maternal health services as determined by the variables like antenatal visits by pregnant mothers to nearest health facilities and receipt of Tetanus Toxoid injection during pregnancy.
The professional development teachers (PDTs) were expected by their school management and the Aga Khan University, Institute for Educational Development, to work with their headteachers and their colleagues in schools and initiate changes for school improvement. In the Pakistani context the role of headteachers as instructional leader is still not recognized. They are playing their roles as administrators. This is the reason that professional development teachers faced challenges and did not get support and encouragement from the headteachers, in the process of change for school improvement. The study was conducted in two government schools in order to understand the head teacher's perceptions about the role of professional development teachers (PDTs) in school improvement. A case study method was used to gather relevant information within a qualitative paradigm. This method helped to understand the perceptions about the role of the PDTs. A variety of data collection tools were used to triangulate information for reliability and validity purposes. The study findings suggest that in the beginning the PDTs seemed to be ambitious in bringing about change. Therefore, sometimes they did not consult their heads. At the same time, the headteachers were un-clear about the role of PDTs so they resisted the change, and dealt with the PDTs as ordinary teachers. The headteachers did not encourage PDTs to work with the teachers in order to develop their skills. The PDTs were asked to teach the students and prepare them to achieve good results in the examination. But gradually, PDTs learned that without the cooperation of headteachers, they would not be able to initiate change. The study also suggests that there appeared a mismatch between the perceptions of PDTs and of headteachers about school improvement. PDTs saw their role in the professional development of teachers as improving students learning, whereas, the headteachers thought the PDTs should help them in maintaining school discipline. As time passed, the headteachers started appreciating the PDTs role as change agents and facilitators in the teachers' professional development. However, the PDTs' role has not yet been officially recognized by the senior officers in the education department The study proposes some recommendations, which include: (a) recognition of PDTs' role at the government level; (b) school-based professional development programs; (c) strategic school development plan; and (d) professional development of headteachers and supervisory personnel. These recommendations may help headteachers and others to understand the PDTs' role in school improvement.