Status and Necessity of Second Marriage in Islam

The Arabic word "عائلہ" ʿĀʾilah is customary to refer to wife and home. In Urdu language, the appropriate substitutes for this word are clan and family whereas a "family" usually comprises husband, wife and kids. Family life is also known as domestic life which is not merely a pillar of a society but also is its foundation. A home is the basic unit of domestic life and society. Contentment, peace and stability of a home depend on good and pleasant relations between husband and wife. In case the understanding between husband and wife are deficient, their relations suffer largely and become weak. Islam assigns increased significance to a firm family system in the human society. It is the family environment which is the beginning of human life. A family is the basic natural institution of human society which sustains since the time of Adam (A.S.), and as long as human societies exist, the status of family will also survive and prevail. Each human child coming into this world takes birth in a family where it is brought up to flourishes in family environment. The present-day secular environment, secular education and a society lacking the teachings of Allāh and Messenger Muḥammad (S.A.W.) has deviated the Muslims from their real objective of life and the thought about the life hereafter. Today’s Muslim carries the tendency of leading his life according to his own free will and desires instead of leading his life according to the teachings of the holy Qurʾān and the tradition of the Messenger Muḥammad (S.A.W.). He feel highly uncomfortable to pass his life as per instructions contained in the holy Qurʾān and the tradition of Muḥammad (S.A.W.). Various institutions and so-called NGOs in the name of women’s rights and enlightenment are causing increased complexities for women. Today, woman is getting far and farther from her home and households. On the plea of enlightenment and freedom she is getting away from the religious teachings, her husband and also from her children. The state under influence of these organizations has, without appropriate consideration and detailed thought, framed laws against a second marriage. This legislation has affected the society and opened way for more perversion, distance from the faith and several other social complexities which instead of finding some solution are becoming more and more intricate.

اردو ناول میں دیہات نگاری

Presentation of Rural Society in Urdu Novel is a popular genre of Urdu literature which comes under western influence and set down a rich tradition in Urdu. Generally every genre of literature portray and present the social and psychological behavior of the society, however in novel the details and colors of society can be presented in depth and more expressively. Indian sub-continent is basically an agriculture area and the majority of the people live in rural areas. This theme of this research work is the study of novel with the angle of analyzing the representation of rural society in different eras of the tradition of this literary genre in Urdu literature. The work is divided into five chapters: In first chapter, introductory information about the Indian rural society is presented. Historical value, characteristics and basic element of rural society has also been discussed in detail. In second chapter, tradition of presentation of rural society in Urdu novel before the partition of sub-continent is discussed. Starting from early era of Urdu novel i.e. of Deputy Nazir Ahmed, Sarshar and Mirza Hadi Ruswa a detailed study of Prem Chand's novels is the part of this chapter. The novels written in the period of the Progressive Movement are also discussed in the same chapter. In third chapter, novels written between 1947 to 1971 are discussed in the above mentioned context. Aziz Ahmed, Quratul Ain Haider, Rajinder Singh Bedi, Abdullah Hussain and other novelists are included in the study. Special study of the Ghulam Saglain Naqvi, Syed Shabbir Hussain and Shoukat Siddiqi's novels is also the part of chapter. In fourth chapter, new trends of Pakistani society and literature from 1971 onwards are discussed as background and then prominent novels of this era are analyzed in the context of presentation of rural society. The last chapter comprises of overview of the research, conclusion and recommendations.