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Conflict Between Supranatioalism and Intergovernmentalism in European Union Eu from Eec to Lisbon Treaty

Thesis Info

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Author

Fatima, Zobi

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Karachi

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

European Studies

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13892/1/Zobi_Fatima_Europen_Studies_HSR_2017_UoK_Karachi_15.02.2018.docx

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724569927

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European integration is usually evaluated through two schools of thought, supranationalism and intergovernmentalism. According to supranationalist school, integration has occurred because, member states surrendered some part of their sovereignty in specific policy areas which further led to spillover process in other policy areas. On the other hand, intergovernmentalists believe that integration has taken place through the will and sound intention of member states, in which no supranational element played any significant role. This thesis has tried to highlight the paradigm, course, and influence of these two theories on European Union (EU). In this regard, the institutions of EU and certain policy areas have been studied thoroughly. It has been found that intergovernmentalism often dominates the overall performance of EU and its institutions. Nevertheless, those policy areas which are under the strict control of intergovernmentalism often meets the failure. In the contrary, the policy areas, which are collectively controlled by supranationalism and intergovernmentalism, are more successful and smoothly running throughout the EU countries. The conclusion has drawn that in order to make EU more successful in future and extend the scope of integration member states should unscrew the tight hold of intergovernmentalism and acknowledge the significance of supranationalism.
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102. At-Takathur/Striving for more

102. At-Takathur/Striving for more

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

102:01
a. O The People!
b. Striving for more worldly riches distracts you from the Remembrance of Allah,

102:02
a. till you visit/reach the graves.

102:03
a. By no means!
b. You will soon get to know the consequences of your priorities in worldly life.

102:04
a. Once again, by no means!
b. You will soon get to know the consequences of your priorities in worldly life.

102:05
a. By no means!
b. You would not have been distracted from the reality of the Hereafter if you knew with certainty that you would be held accountable for the worldly life, you would not have preoccupied yourselves with it.

102:06
a. That you would definitely end up experiencing the Blazing Fire,

102:07
a. and again, if you knew that you would definitely end up seeing it with the very eye of certainty.

102:08
a. Then, at that Time, you will certainly be questioned about the bliss you enjoyed in the worldly life.

المعايير المهنية للإدارة والقيادة المدرسية في بعض الدول الأفريقية وإمكانية الإفادة منها بسلطنة عمان

هدفت الدراسة للتعرف على المعايير المهنية للإدارة والقيادة المدرسية في بعض الدول الأفريقية وإمكانية الإفادة منها بسلطنة عمان، واتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي، كما استخدمت نظرية تحليل المضمون في تحليل الوثائق في جمع البيانات والمعلومات. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها: أن معايير الإدارة والقيادة المدرسية في سلطنة عمان تركز على تناول المؤشرات دون تفسير شامل ومُتكامل لتلك المعايير، وأن مؤشرات كل معيار محدودة وقليلة للغاية ولا تٌلبي طموحات تطوير القيادة المدرسية في سلطنة عُمان في ضوء خططها المُستقبلية، وأنها بحاجة إلى معايير مستقلة في المعارف والمهارات والاتجاهات المهنية، كما أنها بحاجة إلى التركيز على المُصطلحات والمفاهيم التربوية والإدارية المُعاصرة مثل: التخطيط الاستراتيجي، والشراكات المجتمعية، وتكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات، ومجتمعات التعلم المهنية، وأخلاقيات مهنة الإدارة المدرسي

Total Quality Management Perspective of Cellular Mobile Telephone Operators in Pakistan

This study is focused on identifying the facilitating role of the learning organizations in the process of individuals' careers development. The research has undertaken the study of the part of the process of Organizational Development, where capacity development in terms of Career Development of the staff is carried out to enhance the capabilities of the organization. The study establishes the fact that if the objectives of the two processes are merged together then a synergetic effect is created which enhances the pace of both the process. The theoretical framework of this study has taken career development as dependent variable, Organizational Development strategies is the Independent Variable. This study analyzes the reliance of the introduction of knowledge sharing strategy of OD on the individual capacity development. The main construct of this study is to see the significance of the correlation between the processes of career development and Organizational Development. The theoretical frame work has been studied in two different context i.e the learning organizations' and the conventional organization and a comparative analysis of the two have been carried out establishing certain results. Keeping in view the qualitative nature of the study, three different tools have been employed by this study including Participant Observation, Questionnaire and Structured interviews. The conclusion of the study indicated that the Learning Organizations context is more supportive to the process of career development as compared to the Conventional context. It was also concluded that the management of both the organizations are undoubtedly clear about the positive contribution of the capacity development process to organization's benefit but the role performed by the management in these two different context is different from each other. The recommendations of this study include a model for integrating HR activities of the organization with the career development process.