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Contribution of Muslim Landed Elite in Politics in Punjab from 1906-1947

Thesis Info

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Author

Haider Ali Agha

Program

PhD

Institute

Government College University Lahore

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2011

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

History & geography

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7984/1/CONTRIBUTION%20OF%20MUSLIM%20LANDED%20ELITE%20IN%20POLITICS%20IN%20PUNJAB%20FROM%201906-1947.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724574190

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This dissertation explains the contribution made by the Muslim landed elites to the separatist politics in the colonial Punjab. It aims at presenting the narrative of the origin and development of Muslim nationalist consciousness as a result of Muslim landed elites’ conflict with the classes of moneylenders and professional urban middle classes. The research focuses on studying the phenomenon of Muslim separatism in the Punjab from the standpoint of Marxian notion of class conflict as most of the studies on Muslim nationalism are based on essentialist interpretation of this phenomenon. This study views the emergence of consciousness of Muslims as a distinct cultural community in interrelationship between class interests of Muslim landed aristocracy and imperial institutions. The Muslim landed gentry was nurtured and patronized by the British colonial state. The post-annexation Punjab witnessed tremendous modernization of infrastructure of roads or railways and agricultural colonization. The pastoral-agrarian Punjab thus became integrated into world capitalist market with the export of its surplus wheat, cotton and oilseeds. The agricultural production was revolutionized by technological innovation and as a consequence, social organization in rural and urban areas was developed in accordance with imperial interests. When the British introduced institutions like District Boards, Municipal Committees and Legislative Council to have representation of rural and urban elites; the landed and mercantile classes pursued conflicting interests. The Muslim landed classes championed the cause of Muslim communal interests in the Punjab to shield their economic and political position against the growing mercantile classes. They entrenched themselves in the imperial political institution by securing their nominations which solidified communal identity. The Punjab National Unionist Party was established by Punjab landed notables in 1923 and it played a remarkable role in the construction of Muslim identity and also served as counterweight to nationalist ideology of the Congress. The development of Muslim communal consciousness showed the imprint of pastoral-agrarian society in the Punjab. The constitutional communalism employed by Unionist Party eventually paved the way for the victory of All India Muslim League in its struggle for separate homeland. When All India Muslim iv League entered the Punjab with its separatist ideology in 1940, the scions of landed gentry jumped on to its bandwagon as they perceptively observed the signs of the crumbling of the Raj in the wake of World War II. They organized the Punjab Muslim League and provided it with the funds necessary for propagating the message of separate homeland. The process of communal consciousness which began with the constitutional communalism of the Punjab Nationalist Unionist Party. This dissertation argues that Muslim nationalist consciousness did not appear suddenly and abruptly after the Lahore Resolution of 1940. The dissertation seeks to give an alternative narrative to the prevailing interpretation that it was Muslim League under the leadership of MA Jinnah which brought Muslim nationalist consciousness to the Punjab.
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ڈاکٹر محمد اقبال

اقبال، محمد، ڈاکٹر
ماتم اقبال
وَقَعَتِ الْوَاقِعَۃُ [الواقعۃ:۱]آخر موت اور حیات کی چند ہفتوں کی کشمکش کے بعد ڈاکٹر اقبال نے دنیائے فانی کو الوداع کہا، صفر کی انیسویں اور اپریل کی اکیسویں کی صبح کو عمر کی اکسٹھ بہاریں دیکھ کر اور شاعری کی دنیا میں چالیس برس چہچہا کر یہ بلبل ہزار داستان اب ہمیشہ کے لیے خاموش ہوگیا، وہ ہندوستان کی آبرو، مشرق کی عزت، اور اسلام کا فخرتھا، آج دنیا ان ساری عزتوں سے محروم ہوگئی، ایسا عارف فلسفی، عاشقِ رسول شاعر، فلسفہ اسلام کا ترجمان اور کاروانِ ملت کا حدی خواں صدیوں کے بعد پیدا ہوا تھا، اور شاید صدیوں کے بعد پیدا ہو، اس کے دہن کا ہر ترانہ بانگِ دار، اس کی جانِ حزیں کی ہر آواز زبورِ عجم، اس کے دل کی ہر فریاد پیامِ مشرق، اس کے شعر کا ہر پرواز بال جبریل تھا، اس کی فانی عمر گو ختم ہوگئی، لیکن اس کی زندگی کا ہر کارنامہ ، جاوید نامہ بن کر انشاء اﷲ باقی رہے گا، امید ہے کہ ملت کا یہ غمخوار شاعر اب عرشِ الٰہی کے سایہ میں ہوگا، اور قبول و مغفرت کے پھول اس پر برسائے جارہے ہوں گے، خداوند! اس کے دلِ شکستہ کی جو ملت کے غم سے رنجور تھا، غمخواری فرما! اور اپنی ربانی نوازشوں سے اس کے قلبِ حزیں کو مسرور کر۔
مرحوم کی زندگی کا ہر لمحہ ملت کی زندگی کے لیے ایک نیا پیام لاتا تھا، وہ توحید خالص کا پرستار، دین کامل کا علمبردار، اور تجدید ملت کا طلبگار تھا، اس کے رونگٹے رونگٹے میں رسول انام علیہ السلام کا عشق پیوست تھا، اور اس کی انکھیں جسمِ اسلام کے ہر ناسور پر اشکبار رہتی تھیں، اس نے مستقبلِ اسلام کا ایک خواب دیکھا تھا، اسی خواب کی تعبیر میں اس کی ساری عمر...

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