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Home > Corrective Feedback in L2 Learning: A Comparative Effectiveness of Oral & Written Corrective Feedback Strategies for Urdu Efl Learners L2 Accuracy

Corrective Feedback in L2 Learning: A Comparative Effectiveness of Oral & Written Corrective Feedback Strategies for Urdu Efl Learners L2 Accuracy

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Saeed Ahmad

Program

PhD

Institute

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

City

Bahawalpur

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

English Language & Literature

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13717/1/PHD%20Thesis%20Saeed%20Ahmad.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724578352

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The present study is designed to find the comparative effectiveness of oral & written corrective feedback strategies for Urdu EFL learners’ L2 Accuracy. In order to investigate the effectiveness of oral corrective feedback and written corrective feedback strategies, a quasi experimental research design with pre test, post test and delayed post test is adopted for this study. For this quasi experimental study, the sampled participants were not randomly assigned to different treatment groups; instead, five intact classes in three different higher secondary schools (composed a total of 113 students) were selected with four experimental groups (OCF-A group N =25, OCF-B group N= 21, WCF-C group N= 21, WCF-D group N = 23) and one control group (N=23). Pre test was conducted in the beginning. Participants in four groups were exposed to one of the CF treatment conditions i.e., oral recast, explicit OCF, indirect WCF and direct WCF but no CF was provided to control group. Every experimental group had seven CF episodes sessions with specified treatment conditions in a period of eight weeks. After that post test was conducted. Whereas, delayed post test was conducted after a period of two weeks. Further, attitudinal questionnaire as a research tool was used to find the attitudes and beliefs of the teachers about the effectiveness of corrective feedback strategies form a sample of 202 English teachers teaching at intermediate level. SPSS (version 20) was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that all the CF strategies have significant role to create L2 accuracy. However, direct corrective feedback strategy was most effective to create the L2 accuracy. Also, explicit CF strategies were found most effective to create L2 accuracy as compared to implicit CF strategies to create L2 accuracy. It was also examined that CF strategies were with differential effectiveness on different error categories.
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, طوطے تے گالڑ دی دوستی

طوطے تے گالڑ دی دوستی

اک واری دی گل اے کہ اک جنگل وچ اک طوطا رہندا سی۔ طوطا بہت خوش سی کہ اوس نوں جنگل وچوں کھاون لئی وافر پھل مل جاندے نیں۔ اوہ ایہناں نوں کھاندا تے جنگل دی سیر کردا۔ اک دن اوہ امرود دے درخت اتے بیٹھا امرود کھا رہیا سی کہ اک گالڑ وی اوس درخت اتے چڑھ آندا اے۔ پہلاں اک دوجے دے یار بن جاندے نیں۔ طوطا گالڑ نوں امرود کھواوندا اے تے اپنے گھر آون دی دعوت دیندا اے۔ ایس توں بعد طوطا تے گالڑ اپنے اپنے گھر آ جاندے نیں۔

کئی دناں توں بعد اک دن ہلکے ہلکے بدل آئے ہوئے سن۔ ٹھنڈی ہوا چل رہی سی۔ گالڑ گھر وچ ویہلا سی۔ اوس دے من وچ خیال آیا کہ کیوں نہ اج طوطے دے گھر پھیرا پایا جاوے۔ ایس خیال دے آوندیاں ای اوہ تیار ہو کے طوطے دے گھر اپڑ جاندا اے۔ طوطا اوہنوں اپنے گھر ویکھ کے بہت خوش ہوندا اے تے جی آیاں نوں آکھدا اے۔ جنگل وچوں ہر طرح دے پھل اکٹھا کر کے اوہدی مہمان نوازی کر دا اے۔ گالڑ سب کجھ کھا کے طوطے کولوں گھر واپسی دی اجازت لیندا اے۔ واپسی تے گالڑ طوطے نوں اپنے گھر آون دی دعوت دیندا اے۔ جو طوطا قبول کر لیندا اے۔

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The Influence of Antiretroviral Therapy on Qtc Interval Amongst Hiv Patients at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi

Aim: To determine the influence of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy on the QTC interval amongst HIV-infected patients. Design: Prospective Comparative survey of two population samples Patients and Setting: One hundred and thirty ARV naïve and one hundred and thirty treated HIV-positive patients selected from in and out patient departments of Aga Khan University Hospital underwent clinical evaluation and 12 lead resting ECG between August 2008 and March 2009. Methodology: Eligible HIV-positive patients were conveniently sampled and had a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) performed to determine the QTinterval, corrected for the heart rate by the Bazzet formula. Analysis was then performed to determine the odds of development of a prolonged QTC interval (QTC ≥ 440ms) in the ARV-experienced arm compared to the ARV-naïve arm. Results: One hundred and thirty patients in each of the two study arms’ had ECG assessment of the QTC interval. 16.2% of the patients in the ARV-experienced arm had QTC prolongation compared to 6.9% in the ARV-naïve arm (chi square 5.43, p= 0.01) giving rise to an odds ratio of 2.5 (95% CI 1.01-6.67). Conclusion: ARV use significantly increases the risk of development of an acquired long QTC syndrome by two-and-a-half times.